The Video Game Wars Essay Example For Students

The Video Game Wars Essay The Video Game WarsBrian PaikExpository Writing10/8/96Video games are a big market these days. Within the past few years, the industry has boomed into a very large business. Within this business, there are three big companies are fighting to be the best. Nintendos N64, Segas Saturn, and Sonys Playstation are the three main systems in this huge market. Because there are so many games for these systems, and because it is such a big business, stores specializing in only these games are opening everywhere. A few days ago, I walked into one of these stores. My friend wanted to purchase the new nintendo machine. According to the reviews, the system was supposed to be able to have amazing polygon graphics. Video games coming out these days are considered good if they consist of many polygonal graphics moving at a smooth and fast speed. From what he said, I thought that no other video game system could compare with it. When I entered the store, the walls were covered with many games for different systems. On one wall, there were Nintendos games, on another, were Segas games, and on the last, were Sonys games. Surprisingly, Nintendos new games didnt look much different than the other two companies. On three corners of the room, there were television sets displaying the latest and greatest games for each popular console. While watching these new games, I was in awe. When I was younger, I remembered playing what those times considered, high tech video games. During those years, the games had little blocky characters who looked more like a blob than a human being. The music wasnt even music at all. It was more of a bunch of beeping at different pitches. These characters walked around and jumped over other blocky characters in a two dimensional environment. The new games that I observed, however, were being played right off a CD. The characters were digital images of real people, and the music was in CD quality. The game took place in a completely three dimensional environment. We will write a custom essay on The Video Game Wars specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These days, companies are competing with each other to bring out cutting edge video games. The reason the games are so much more realistic than before, is because each company must bring out a better game than the other. Since they keep bringing out new games, they get better and better. And when they cant improve games any more for that particular video game machine, the companies will make a new machine which can handle better games. Already in my life time, both Nintendo and Sega have created three video game systems. As I mentioned earlier, while my friends new Nintendo machine was supposed to be amazing, both Sega and Playstations systems looked just as good. In a few years, however, all three of those systems will be obsolete, just as the systems in my early years are obsolete now. Although new and better systems are coming out all the time, they must stay cheap enough to buy. Already, the systems are way too expensive. All three retail for about $200 and that doesnt include a game. Games are an additional $80. Those are big prices, considering that when I was younger, systems were $80, with games around $20. Those prices, however, are only for the United States. In Japan, the country where these systems are made, the video game market is even bigger. In that country, the same three systems retail for around $400 with separate games for around $100. The funny thing is, the people actually buy it. Both Japan and The US are lucky because the systems are manufactured in both countries. In countries where they arent manufactured, the people there have to import, and that is a very expensive thing to do. When I lived in Korea, many people I knew, bought imported systems from Japan. They paid amounts up to $800 for a system with additional games being purchased for $150 apiece. Imports also occur in the United States. .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 , .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .postImageUrl , .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 , .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8:hover , .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8:visited , .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8:active { border:0!important; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8:active , .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8 .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20fb9ff0dac7686ad0b39b3b3c9c06d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Metacognition EssayThere, die hard video game players sometimes import systems from Japan before they are released in the USA. When doing that, the purchaser will pay amounts up to $1000! Why do they do pay these ridicules prices? These video game players are addicted to the market and are always looking for the best. Todays video games are very entertaining. People spend hours in front of the television to play these games. Why do they enjoy them so much? Maybe its the ability to control things like a god. Maybe they just enjoy the way they games look. I dont know the answer to that, but what I do know, is that it is a very big business. Who will be the eventual winner in the video game wars? Right now, it is probably Nintendo in first place, Sony in second, with Sega at the bottom. The reason for this, is because Nintendo is the newest, and Sega the oldest. In a few years, however, it could totally change. Sega will eventually bring out a new system which will be better than both the N64 and Playstation. Then, Sega will be in first place. That too, will eventually change. It is a never ending battle and no one will eventually win. Just as in other businesses, new companies will be formed, and old companies will die. For the time being, however, people will enjoy playing the newest and most high tech video games. Category: English

Chico, Muchacho, and Other Spanish Words for Children

Chico, Muchacho, and Other Spanish Words for Children Chico, muchacho, nià ±o - and their feminine equivalents, chica, muchacha, and nià ±a - and just a few of the words you can use in Spanish to refer to children. But they arent all used in the same way. In most cases, youre safe to use any of the above words to refer to boys and girls. However, in some cases they can have more specialized uses. Using Chico and Chica As a general adjective, chico is simply a word for small, especially when referring to something that is smaller than other beings or things of its type. When it becomes a noun referring to people, however, it usually refers to someone of a young age rather than someone of short stature. The age of children used for chico and chica varies somewhat with region. However, it is often used as a term of affection for people other than children. For example, in Cuba it frequently is used to address friends, something like hey dude or buddy might be in American slang. It is also very common to use chica when referring to young, single women, especially ones in which men might be interested in for romantic purposes - something like the equivalent of babe. To a lesser extent, chico can fulfill a similar role. Similarly, the two terms commonly are used for girlfriend and boyfriend, respectively. The main characters in a movie, TV show or novel are often referred to as chico or chica, especially if they are young and attractive. Using Muchacho and Muchacha When referring to adolescents or teenagers, muchacho/a can usually be used interchangeably with chico/a. In most areas it isnt used often when referring to younger children. Muchacho/a can also be used to refer to a young servant or maid. Using Nià ±o and Nià ±a Nià ±o and nià ±a are more general and sometimes slightly more formal words for children. Their use might be preferred in situations where wed talk about a child in English rather than a boy or girl. For example, a school handout might say something such as Cada nià ±o debe leer un libro por mes for Each child should read one book per month. (Following the Spanish rule of gender, nià ±os can refer to a mixed group of boys and girls, not necessarily just boys. In sentences such as the above, the context suggests that cada nià ±o refers to each child, not necessarily just each boy.) Nià ±o is also used in situations where the speaker is referring to young age or inexperience in general. For example, a child soldier is a nià ±o soldado, and a street child is a nià ±o/a de la calle. Similarly, someone who is worse than a child is peor que un nià ±o - words such as chico and muchacho wouldnt work well in that context. Other Words Referring to Children Other words for talking about children include: Hijo and hija refer specifically to a son or daughter, respectively. Nià ±o/a can also be used with the same meaning if the context is clear.Criatura, a cognate of creature, is sometimes used an affectionate term. For example,  ¡Quà © criatura hermosa! might be translated loosely as What a beautiful little angel! Note that criatura is always feminine, even if it refers to a boy.Descendiente can be used as a replacement for hijo or hija; it is used much more than the English descendant. The word can be either masculine or feminine depending on whether it refers to a son or daughter. It can also refer to descendants such as great-grandchildren.Bebà © is the most common word for baby. Note that it is always masculine, even when referring to a girl.

Propaganda Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Propaganda - Research Paper Example More importantly, it is an indication of the distrust of mainstream media sources and the information (misinformation) being generated by them. This viewpoint is reflected in other contemporary scholarship on the subject. Prominent among them is Nicholas O’Shaughnessy’s work, which has spawned a new discipline in social sciences – that of Political Marketing. In his book titled Politics and Propaganda: Weapons of Mass Seduction, the author deciphers the real meaning and agenda behind political rhetoric and posturing. By studying extensively the media coverage of Iraq war and drawing suitable examples from it to support his claims, Shaughnessy illustrates how obfuscation of fact and propagation of myth are essential techniques of political marketers. And through this technique, propagandists are able to maintain the appeal of disinformation even when genuine sources of information are available in the digital medium. (Shaughnessy, 2005) Despite awareness created b y scholars such as Shaughnessy, public expressions of disagreement and distrust only account for a politically aware minority while the large majority of the population is subject to government propaganda, orchestrated and implemented by major media institutions. Indeed, the ruthlessness and brazenness with which the Bush Administration went about achieving its strategic goals can be learnt from the following quote: â€Å"The issue of whether the Pentagon was waging an orchestrated domestic propaganda campaign was first openly acknowledged in the fall of 2002. Donald Rumsfeld was asked whether the Pentagon was engaged in propagandizing through the Defense Department's Office of Strategic Influence (strategic influence is military jargon for propaganda). Military officials said they might release false news stories to the foreign press, but they had to retract that when news organizations expressed concern that the bogus stories could be picked up in the domestic press. Mocking conc erns about propaganda blowback, Rumsfeld informed the media on November 18, 2002, that he would eliminate the program in name only. (Goodman & Goodman, 2004, p.253) One might wonder why such a nexus between apparently two different kinds of institutions should exist and what benefits would its leaders attain in the process. There are a handful of sociological and political economic theories of news production that attempt to answer this most pressing question of modern democratic societies. One of the major contributions to the subject of government-media propaganda is made by Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman. Their seminal work titled Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of Mass Media is perhaps the most illuminating work on this subject, alongside Ben H. Bagdikian's another path-breaking work 'Media Monopoly'. In Manufacturing Consent, Chomsky and Herman layout a template for how propaganda works. This they called the Propaganda Model. In it they identify a set of five key f actors that contribute to the functioning of propaganda machinery. These are: 1. Ownership of the medium 2. Medium's funding sources 3. Sourcing 4. Flak and 5. Anti-Communist Ideology. (Mcchesney, 1989, p.36) It should be remembered that during the time of the book's publication, Soviet Union was still in existence and Anti-Communist ideology comprised the dominant American foreign policy paradigm. In the context of the

How Should American Colleges adjust themselves for International Essay

How Should American Colleges adjust themselves for International Students - Essay Example In addition, in the field of policy of the foreign the United States and other more developed countries’ colleges educate many of those who take positions in leadership. Especially in other countries, this in the end may benefit relations between nations (Kegel 1). In addition, International students from international communities who chose to study in America colleges are mostly the bright students in their home nations and are also very motivated and focused students. However, these international students face a merge of challenges from the time they report to college. One of the challenges, for instance, English proficiency may be particularly problematic for most students from internationally. For example, in China, English is not taught through a speaking form but rather more through writing. As a result, many students from China know English vocabulary and grammar better, but have a hard time in conversing in English. International students from the international community mostly have challenges in understanding lectures, taking part in class discussions, writing term papers and taking notes. These students may also have difficulty understanding U.S English accents, idioms, slang, accents, and jokes. More so, international students may h owever think that they are incompetent in English conversational to participate in class (Kuo 1). However to make this matter more complex, the corporate world and community want students to grow and learn during college. Employers, parents of all students, and the public at large expect that college graduates will have gained adequate knowledge and certain abilities, qualities, and skills, including career cognitive and competencies when undertaking practical. They will demonstrate a given high level of competency in critical thinking, working as teamwork, resilience, solving problems and communication. They will be committed to social and personal

Consumer Behaviour Market Analysis Report Essay

Consumer Behaviour Market Analysis Report - Essay Example Fast food products not prepared based on cultural norms cannot receive attention in the market. The paper also analyses the influence of stiff competition in the behavior of customers towards McDonald’s products. In the current food industry, multiplicity of competitors determines how consumers purchase McDonald’s products. Further, the paper discusses the health influences that affect the consumption fast food products in the global market. Fast foods rich in high sugar content and calories have been blamed for increased cases of diabetes and obesity. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 1.1 Cultural influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 1.2 Social influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 1.3 Personal and economic influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 1.4 Health Influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 1.5 Group Behavior†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 1.6 Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 1.7 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......9 1.0 Introduction McDonalds is a fast food company with branches in all continents. Several restaurants operate under McDonald’s chain of restaurants. McDonald’s major target consumers include children, adults and teenagers in all their markets. Major markets for McDonald include the United States, Europe, India, and Sou th America. In the fast food industry, competition continues to affects several companies. Macdonald continues to improve their business strategies so that they can attract millions of customers into their business. Consumers continue to face new trends because competitors continue to be innovative in providing healthy food choices for customers. This report analyses consumerism at McDonalds. The report determines factors that motivate consumers to purchase fast food products from McDonalds. In addition, the Report analyses factors that may affect consumer’s ability to purchase fast food products from MacDonald. McDonald’s products include burgers, chicken, fish, deserts, and pork. These foods are classified as fast food products. McDonald’s prepares these foods because of their demand in the market. The society continues to demand ready-made food they can consume without preparing their own in the kitchen. McDonald’s also offers breakfast foods such as M cMuffins, breakfast sandwiches, fried egg, bacon and many more. Beverages are also offered in different varieties 1.1 Cultural influences According to Ramanuj (2010), external influences on consumer behavior involve cultural influences. McDonald’ provides fast food choices to consumers in various cultural backgrounds. In India, consumer buying behavior has been affected by the culture of customers. McDonalds provides beef and mutton burgers in India. However, according to Indian culture, consumers do not like food items made of beef and mutton from

Analysis of Hollensen and the Primark store

Analysis of Hollensen and the Primark store According to Hollensen (2007) ,  « global marketing consists of finding and satisfying global customers needs better than the competition, and of coordinating marketing activities within the constraint of the global environment  ». In that essay , it comes to think about: In what way Primarks strategy could correspond to the needs of French customers. In other terms, is there an opportunity to Primark to setting up itself in France seeing the French environment. Irish clothing retailer founded in 1969 under the name of Penneys (still in Ireland) , Primark represented in 2008 3,9% of the global clothing retail value in United Kingdom. and counted 21827 employees. With a revenue which have reached 2,314m  £ in 2009, Primark count today 206 stores split among England as a majority with 144 stores ,Ireland Spain, Portugal, Germany , Netherland and more recently in Belgium. Retail part of the Associated British food group in which it represent in 2009, 25,5% of the entire revenue of the group, Primark enjoy the stability and the power that ABF group bring to the retailer. With a strategy of good quality for cheap price, Primark is after 40 years of experience recognised the second largest retailer in Uk with a growth in 2009-2010 higher than it competitors. With a gloomy economic climate which encourages people to look after the opportunity to buy cheaper, some leaders of the French fashion market as Zara, Kiabi and HM keep watching close this giant that is surrounding France and that nothing seems to stop. In today competitive market, satisfying the customers is seen as the only source of the firm profits. Precisely targeting our market seems to be the key success factor. In segmenting a market, factors such as geography ,demography, psychographic and behavioural would be relevant to analyse . Today, Primarks strategy is to propose an entire concept through all these stores.Allowing to realise economy of scale in the production and marketing, Primark is able to propose low prices. In the target market analysis, it is relevant to analyse if the target market of Primark in the UK would be suitable and have an opportunity of growth in France.(because changing the target market would bring to much costs for Primark). This essay will focus on the clothing part of Primark seeing the fact that Primarks core competencies is clothes retailing, that home market is a completely different market in France as well as baby clothes and required a particular analysis for each of them. Moreover, French clothing market could represent a growth opportunity as we will see below. In 2008, French population from 15 to 35 represented an important part with 38,7% of the total population. In terms of clothing expenditure, in 2009 men consumption in clothing for the 15-25 reached 3,9millliardsà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ nearly the same than women. However, in a general way, French men clothes expenditure is 15% less than women with an average of 360à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ for the year 2009. After gloomy 2009 year with a decrease of the consumption on clothing, 2010 represent the stop of the degradation of the clothing consumption with a tiny increase of O,2%With a young population in expansion, a target market still buying clothes and a general consumption of clothing which restart, there is an opportunity of growth for Primark in France. If we look at the Internationalisation motives of Hollensen (2007), one of the proactive reason which pushes a company to internationalize is the managerial urge that he defines by a reflection of general entrepreneurial motivation of a desire for continuous growth and market expansions. In the recent year, Primark showed the desire of conquest the western Europe by entering in new country such as recently Belgium. According to Bason John, financial director if AB foods, the performances of our new shops in the Iberian peninsula gives us the impulsion to continue our development in the European continent. Then, the first motive which could bring Primark in France could be the desire to become an European player of the fashion through it expansion all over Europe. One of the others proactive motives present by Hollensen is a foreign market opportunities and market information. Analytical tool such as PESTLE which allowed to get this information. Both part of the European union, UK and France benefit from the common European Union policy which facilitates exchange and trade. However, through state aid and by encouraging mergers between French firms to prevent takeovers by foreign firms, French government act against EU policy and still maintain a kind of protectionism. However, France benefits from a Political stability and the political side of France should not represent a threat for Primark. With an increasing unemployment rate and a decreasing consumption the last years, it seems that the crisis could represent an ally for Primark. While a study about the purchasing power shows that 49% that the under 35years old thinks that their purchasing power has strongly decreased the consumption habits of French goes forward the last opportunity to buy cheaper. As a study of clothing in France explain, the success of the sales periods shows that the sales drop mainly due to purchase power constraints but not as a fashion rejection. With its strategy  « sales price » all the year round, the change in French consumer habits could represent an opportunity . However, the consumer expenditure on clothing is a lot more higher in UK than in France with an expenditure for 2009 of 37805mnà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ decreasing in comparison with 2008 in France against 40472mn £ in UK ( à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  46542à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬) increasing in comparison with 2008 While expenditure in UK continue to growth when it decrease in France , it could make Primark think that the clothing consumption habits between UK and France are different and then could represent a threat to Primark implementation. Finally for the consumption, according to the clothing in France report 2009, by 2013, clothing sales are forecasted to reach 26,980à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬millions, a 2,1 % rise in constant value compared to 2008 which let hope for Primark a bright future. In spite of the fact that Primark is an Irish company, from a market research and data point of view it is more relevant to analyse the accessibility of the French market through the comparison with the English implementation which is more important than the Irish one (144 shops in England instead of 38 in Ireland However, from a financial side , it is more relevant to deal with the Irish headquarter company where the money is going because Ireland is in eurozone. Alhtough as a report of associated british food explain, in a uncertain economic environment, price and exchange rate volatilities could be the major threats to the groups profitability By dealing with Ireland, Primark escape that kind of risks. In France, fashion remains an important part of the culture. Then , according to a study , French people are still attached to the brand and the luxury in the fashion sector and would prefer after use the sales period ( 41%) , buy cheapest brand (33%) Then, even if that trend does not automatically represent Primark target market (under 35)which can not necessarily afford luxury brand, French culture in the fashion sector could represent a threat for Primark. France has to face to the ageing of it population. Until 2050, 1/3 of the population will be ageing more than 60 years old. While some of Primarks competitors such as Kiabi (which proposes a fashion for the whole family), could begin a  « senior marketing  » by proposing clothing for senior, Primark could not enjoy this opportunity risking to break its strategy and positioning and lost its target. In an article about the factors of primarks success, Susan Segal-Horn says The focus part of Primarks strategy is the specific customer segment it focuses With a clear positioning , Primark answers to a special target market needs. Its ageing of population represents an indirect threat for Primark because it does not concern its target but it could benefice to its competitors which could gain a competitive advantage. In spite of the fact that the technological aspect is not the most relevant in the implementation of Primark in France, it is important to notice that the evolution and increase of the new technology influence the consumers to purchase more technological product such as mobile phones, internet, or IT equipment to the detriment of others goods such as clothes. In Primarks case ,legal and environmental factors are linked. According to a study, fashion industry remain one of the most exploitive in the word, both to people and environment However, consumers are more and more aware of the environmental aspect of goods. Often critics for this workers conditions, Primark is now part of Ethical Trading initiative which guarantees the protection of workers and environment. Analysis an environment , it also analysis the competitive environment to be able to gain a competitive advantage. According to an article about the success of Primark, primark has got teams of buyers in UK and Ireland travel internationally both to identify fashion trends and to seek out the most competitive suppliers Then, by always looking to reduce its costs Primark prefers to spread its production through a lot of small suppliers which made the power of suppliers low. Highly competitive, the clothing retail industry is already full of players. Moreover, the costs to get in the market is very high which make the threat of new entrants low. This highly competitive market make the power of buyers very high. Indeed, consumers trends in now to look after cheap prices. By having multi choice, they can easily switch from a shop to another. Still due to the multiplayers market, the power of substitutes product is high. Indeed, the competition is more based on the price strategy but the product range that propose all the shop follow the same fashion trend. Then , the products are quite similar from a shop to another. Source: clothing in France, Euromonitor international, October 2009 As we can see with that figures, clothing industry in France does not have a big driver players but still have some strong brands such as Vivarte which groups 24 brands such as LA HALLE, DEFIMODE.. which are, according to their price strategy similar to Primark and could represent potential competitor. However, brand such as ZARA, HM very popular and perceived as trend setters among the French population will represent the biggest competitor for Primark. But those brand proposing price still higher than Primark, Kiabi, by it price strategy similar to Primark could represent a big competitor from a price strategy side. Add to that direct competition, the increasing of the online shopping. According to the IFM group, online clothing sales increased by 31% in value between July 2007 and June 2008 To get a well understanding of the opportunity that Primark has in France, a SWOT analysis will be helpful: According to clothing in France report,  « In terms of market share, the leader have the ability to adapt quickly to market demand by offering many different collection By proposing a fast fashion strategy, Primark has the opportunity to become an important player in France. However, it will have to face to a high competitive industry with some players already well established and some consumers habits. When a company is considering all possible channel strategies when entering in a new market, there are three major modes: Export, Intermediary (or contractual mode) Hierarchical (or direct investment activities). According to Hollensen ( 2007), the choice of the entry mode can not be stated categorically and depend on many internal and external conditions. By analysing some of the Hollensens factors, we will analyse which way should take Primark to its entry in the French market. As a manager from Primark says in the corporate video its quality travel, its value for money travel. Primark is exporting a whole strategy, business and know-how. Franchising , one of the intermediate modes allowing to use an entire business in compensation of money could bring the opportunity to Primark to control the major part of it setting up in France. However, by having strong financial resources, Primark is able to choose an entry mode market which could guarantee it a total control of it business and escape the risk link to an international franchise (quality control, jurisdiction) . A hierarchical model, even highly risky and not flexible, seems to be in the setting up of Primark in France the most relevant. According to Hollensen(2007),  «hierarchical mode is the entry mode where the firm completely owns and control the foreign entry mode and organization. Conscious that few hierarchical modes are possible, the wholly owned subsidiary seems to be the most adapted for Primark setting up in France. Through a total control of it operating companies and by controlling the know how, the decision making, the companys trade secret, the wholly owned subsidiary allowed to Primark which have for objectives to become a European player to be implemented more easily a coordinate strategy. Moreover by choosing a Greenfield investment, which is defined as direct investment in new facilities or existing facilities instead of an acquisition which acquires an existing firm, Primark would be able to keep its production logistics strategy. Although Primark production strategy is the base of cost saving, main factors of its success. By dealing directly with manufacturers mainly in Asia and by ordering in huge volume, Primark is able to sell at very low price notably thanks to the cheap labour cost and by realising economy of scale. Setting up in a very high competitive market, Primark has to adopte a strategy which will allowed it to gain a competitive advantage. According to Michael porter (1985), there are three basics competitive advantage that a firm can possess: Low cost, differentiation, Focus. According to Johnson the low price strategy, seeks to achieve a lower price than competitors whilst maintaining similar perceived product or service benefits to those offered by the competitors. According to Lynch the low cost leader in an industry has built and maintain plant, equipment, labour costs and working practices that deliver the lowest costs in an industry. By always looking for the most competitive suppliers all around the world and by spreading its production in developing economies which offered low cost labour, Primark is able to control it cost and at the end to propose cheap price to its consumers. According to a menswear controller in UK in an interview We do bring extraordinary value to our customers but we do it by bringing extraordinary volume to our factory In proposing the same product everywhere, Primark is able to order huge quantity which allow to realise economy of scale. As the Associated British food report in 2009 summarises Primark offers low price because it purchases very large volumes and has low marks up, minimal advertising and low overheads. The entire Primark concept is built around the control of its logistics, cost and strategy development which allows it to follow a cost leadership strategy when it comes to it setting up in France. By following its strategy, Primark would launch a Price war within the French market obliging its competitors to reduce their margins as HM and ZARA already start to do so However , as one of the article highlighted : it takes a lot of money to look this cheap.and the control of the cost is very hard to manage which explain the choice of the wholly owned subsidiary as market entry mode. IMPLEMENTATION Developed by McCarthys around the four major Ps (Product, Price, Place Promotion),the traditional marketing mix has received criticisms. Including three others Ps (people, physical evidence, Process) suggested by Booms and Bitners, the 7Ps framework is today the reference to analyse the implementation of a strategy. In favour of the globalization, Levitt argues that, the needs of consumers are more and more homogenized creating a single global market pushing towards a global strategy (standardisation instead of adaptation to the local market). Then, implementation is all about whether adapt or standardize. If we look at the factors favouring standardisation such as the convergence of tastes and consumers needs, the economies of scale in RD, production and marketing, then Primark would definitely go towards a standardisation of its strategy when it is setting up in France. Primarks product strategy is to propose the same collection everywhere, with the same clothes in each of its stores which allows them to order in huge quantity and at the end to propose low price. The other part of Primarks product strategy is to put new product on the shelf every week. A season is defined by Primark not as summer, winter or spring but as six week window When Primark will setting up in France, the concept and the product will be the same than in Germany, in Spainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ However there is existing differences between French and English clothing style. Indeed as an article about the French style clothing explain, Bold and bright colored clothes, loud prints or lots of embellishments are something French women avoid wearing In a general way, the French fashion looks more classical and simple than the English fashion. According to my shopper experience, Primarks clothing lines are for some of them flowery, with a lot of prints and really colourful. Moreover the size of the dress that English girls are wearing are very short in comparison with what I am used to seeing. An adaptation of the product could be judicious for the setting up in France. However, any adaptation bring costs which could increase the price and do not correspond to Primarks low costs strategy. Primarks product will follow a standardisation strategy in a first time and could like in Spain adapt some clothing lines as the director of the Spanish Primarks explains when he says the taste of the Spanish customers are similar from the British one, in spite of the fact that some clothing collections has been adapted with for example more colour for the Spanish market. When it comes to the pricing strategy, some authors proposed a International pricing framework which take in account the factors influencing the Pricing strategyIn a general way, as we saw fashion industry are highly competitive and the degree of comparability of Primarks product in the French market is high as Primarks strategy is to propose the same product than its competitors but at a lower Price. If we only take in account that factors Primark would have to tend towards a low Price strategy. However the most influencing factors for the pricing strategy in France is the corporate and marketing objectives of Primark. Indeed Primarks strategy is to make their customers primarks addict pushing them to come back every week;(Primark corporate video, 2010) by notably proposing a fast moving product strategy. The target market would be the under 35 which are characterised by a limited income. In order to attract that target and make them come back, Primark has to put a low Price strategy. As we saw in the second part, Primarks strategy is focus on the control of its costs. In notably realising economy of scale and by improving their skills ( what Doole and Lowe called learning curve) Primark has honed its business model into a science which allowed Primark to Proposed very low Price. When it comes to the setting up of Primarks in France, Primark will use an aggressive strategy such as market penetration Price that Hollensen (2007) defined as the use of the low prices used by a firm to rapidly increase sales by stimulating growth and increasing market share, but at the same time discouraging competition. which will allow Primark to launch a Price war in the French clothing market. Finally, it is important to notice that Primarks price strategy is allowed by its communication strategy nearly inexistent with the quasi absence of advertising as an article highlighted when it says Primark is a high street retailer which has a family of brands and focuses much more on buying, logistics and supply chain management than branding According to Hollensen(2007), standardisation in the communication requires that the firms product has a unique selling proposition that is clearly understood by customers. As we already see, Primarks strategy is to sell a unique concept all over its stores which allow it to standardise it communication (even quasi inexistent). When it comes to communication ,while its competitors such as HM or mango spend a lot on advertising , associating their brand name with famous fashion designers, artists or top model, Primark will follow the same way of communication as Zara which does not advertise at all and relies on word of mouth and its natural prestige. Indeed Primarks communication is mainly made through its simple and understandable look good, pay less slogan which remain the same in every country even with different languages , through its blue Logo , through the visibility of its brand ( for example in the Primarks bag that people will carry in the street), the agencement of it stores and the people on it. Primarks communication is made through the last three Ps of the marketing mix which are People, Process and Physical evidence and not through the usual communication tools such as advertising, personal selling more expensive. However as an article from the Irish times, Primarks strategy is reaching the highest number of potential customers at the lowest cost. Defining by Hollensen (2007) as a Online word of Mouth marketing technique that seeks to exploits existing social networks to produce exponential increases in brand awareness, the Viral marketing is one of the tool for Primark in France. Indeed while Primark is not setting up in France, the social network facebook already gets more than 20 groups asking for Primark In France such as for example For the opening of a Primark in France or We want Primark in France Matching its young targets, often heavy users of internet, enjoying from the expansion of its social network, and corresponding to its strategy of word of mouth to attract the maximum of customers, Internet through the internet viral seems to be a real potential way of communication if France as well as for the company as it is very cheap. According to a study about retailing in France , Apart from Price, proximity and convenience were among the majors needs of French consumers. While Primark is looking for highway and huge surfaces, industrial zone (characterised by cheaper rent but high frequentation) or Big malls (which regroup a lots of shop and are often situated in highway) seems to be the best place for Primark. Moreover a part of Primarks target is the teenagers which are characterised by a low mobility and go shopping in easy accessible place.(E.g.: The teenager do not have driving licenses and often go to big shopping centers where a lot of shops are together and with an easiest access than the industrial zone). However in order to define what could be the distribution strategy for Primark in France, it is important to look at the precedent implementation of Primark in Europe. Except in Spain with five stores in Madrid and England with one store in Oxford street (London) Primark do not setting up in the capital. If we look at the German, Belgium and Netherland implementation, Primark has a stores in Frankfurt (richest city in Germany) in Rotterdam ( second city in Netherlands)and in Liege (third most populated city in Belgium). In Portugal it has a stores in Rio Tonto and Amadora (Lisbon metropolitan area). We can see that Primarks implementation in Europe and notably in the recent implementation it also made through test city by not implementing it stores in the capital (often more expensive than the others city) but in important city in the country or in the capital region which could be less expensive and then reduce the costs. Seeing the precedent implementation in Europe and seeing the needs of French consumers and especially the target young target market, a selective coverage in some test area could be relevant and then turn towards an intensive distribution (which correspond better to a low price and high turnover strategy), if the test is concluding like in Spain which has now 18 shops. If we look at the Analysis of the first part through the use of Pestle and Porter five forces model, France market in spite of its high competitiveness seems to be ready to welcome Primark. However those models give a snapshot of an industry at a certain point and the fashion industry is fast moving and change very quickly. Moreover the habits of expenditure in that sector are highly affected by the external environment. As no one can predict what will happen, the setting up of Primark in France seems to be an opportunity but the external environment if suddenly changed (like the crisis in 2009 which slow down the expenditure in most of the sector), could make the setting up of Primark more difficult. When Porter propose three distinct generic strategy, a company dreams would be to mix both of them. Indeed when Primark main strategy is cost leadership, it also could be saying that it looks after differentiation notably by not advertising and through its high fast moving product strategy (higher than it competitors). However the in-between strategy is highly risky and not affordable The mix marketing has to be seen as a basic for the implementation of Primark seeing the current French environment. However a marketing plan has to be flexible during the setting up and during the development of a company in a country according to the reaction and expectations of new customers and in order to match them. This high level of flexibility for a marketing mix can not necessarily be affordable by Primark as every change generate new cost. According to the financial director in Primark in a corporate video, there is still a lot of places where were not and where wed love to be sources. Neighbors of UK, France could be one of those place. Now surrounding France, Primarks success story is it following a country test strategy before its conquest of France ?

Use of the Gas Chamber in Capital Punishment Essays -- Death Penalty

Execution as a form of criminal punishment has been used throughout various parts of the world since the Middle Ages. In fact, back in that time, even petty offenses such as committing adultery or stealing from a food vendor were considered criminal enough to be worthy of death. During the 18th century, death by execution became subject to public display, and was even thought by some to be a form of entertainment. This â€Å"entertainment† took shape via methods such as burning at the stake, breaking on the wheel, and slow strangulation. However, due to a growing humanitarian movement in the late 1800’s, these torturous methods became extinct. Rather, more â€Å"humane† forms of execution were implemented, such as by guillotine, hanging, or the headman’s axe. The pain inflicted by these was far less than the first three methods, as death was nearly instantaneous. However, technology’s influence on execution methods truly became apparent with the invention of the gas chamber in 1924. Gee Jon, a convicted felon in the State of Nevada, is known as the first person to have died by the ... Use of the Gas Chamber in Capital Punishment Essays -- Death Penalty Execution as a form of criminal punishment has been used throughout various parts of the world since the Middle Ages. In fact, back in that time, even petty offenses such as committing adultery or stealing from a food vendor were considered criminal enough to be worthy of death. During the 18th century, death by execution became subject to public display, and was even thought by some to be a form of entertainment. This â€Å"entertainment† took shape via methods such as burning at the stake, breaking on the wheel, and slow strangulation. However, due to a growing humanitarian movement in the late 1800’s, these torturous methods became extinct. Rather, more â€Å"humane† forms of execution were implemented, such as by guillotine, hanging, or the headman’s axe. The pain inflicted by these was far less than the first three methods, as death was nearly instantaneous. However, technology’s influence on execution methods truly became apparent with the invention of the gas chamber in 1924. Gee Jon, a convicted felon in the State of Nevada, is known as the first person to have died by the ...

Healthcare Spending

The United States always have been known for acquiring the best health care system in the world. The United States spends a higher percentage of its gross domestic product (GDP) and more for each fund about healthcare in comparison with other country in the world. The most effective health care establishments on this planet are in the U. S., people originate from everywhere to acquire quality health care in U. S. Physicians from different countries come to the United States for advanced training. These are â€Å"All† great things to say about the health care system but how does it affect the spending issues that U.S. is having? â€Å"The National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA) are the official estimates of total health care spending in the United States† (Health Data, 2007).LevelAccording to the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2013), from 2012, to 2013, wellness payments ended up being forecast to grow slightly from 3.8% to 4.2%. Private health care insuran ce were also predicted to grow, but the growth was diminished by consumer cost sensitivity. CMS also predicted Medicare spending too slow for 5.9% in 2012 to 1.3% in 2013, because there was a scheduled â€Å"30.9-percent physician payment rate reduction authorized under the Sustainable Growth Rate Formula, and an additional 2-percent payment reduction across all providers from the sequester under the Budget Control Act of 2011†.In 2014 CMS, projected worldwide health spending will elevate to 7.4 %, or 2.1 percentage-points rapidly, which will be Medicaid spending growth connected with 18. 0% as well as private health care insurance growth connected with 7. 9%. CMS declares, out-of-pocket paying is planned in order to decrease 1. 5% since the fresh guaranteed  populations are anticipated to end up being somewhat younger as well as healthy in comparison with at this time guaranteed individuals.Medical care expenses in the United States are regarding 18% associated with GDP, a nd this also reveal is projected to go up deliberately. In the event health prices carry on and increase at historic charges, the particular reveal associated with GDP devoted to health in the United States is projected to realize 34% through 2040 (The White House, 2013, para 2). Federal insurance policy contains Medicaid, Medicare as well as other financed organizations financed with regard to productive armed service as well as veterans. (Social Security Administration [SSA], 2013, para 1) Medicaid is a federal/state platform made to cover medical care for many distinct groups of people that is poor. Medicare is often a freedom program for all of age 65 as well as older, also more radiant men and women if the person belong to a particular disability type.Spending too muchAccording to The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2012), The United States spends some 17.6 percent of its GDP on healthcare – far more than any other OECD country – but does n ot see quality increases equal with its spending. Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released primary data itemizing the values doctor's offices charge for popular techniques that revealed an array of price fluctuations involving different doctor's offices. Steven Brill, a Time Magazine journalist, explored hospital bill to determine why the cost was so high. He found that hospitals were receiving effectively over and above what exactly these people might need to help make even reasonable make money from the therapy. One example was $1.50 for the common variation of the Tylenol capsule, (one pill) because too expensive gauze parts, hospital dresses and more.He also states that, â€Å"‘nonprofit’ hospitals are making billions and the CEO take home earnings with equivalence with almost any Walls Street executive – properly in to the six-figure range and sometimes past. According to US News and Washington Association of Naturopathic Physicians (2013), â€Å"America can commit as much as $2. 8 trillion upon professional medical, which is $750 thousand in excess of the country, would certainly when this put in exactly the same for every capita because various other developed places.Medicare  and Medicaid insurance policies programs covers some $800 thousand connected with the high cost and also the various other $2 trillion will likely be selected through private health-insurance corporations in addition to folks who don't have an insurance policies or even who'll shell out perhaps the costs covered by their insurance policies.†Add or CutSeven hundred billion dollars, that is a ballpark figure associated with what quantity of money was wasted in the U. S. professional medical technique each year, as outlined by a new Thomson Reuters (TRI) statement. In addition, it claims, the quantity adequate to roughly one-third in the place's overall health-care wasting was flushed absent upon pointless remedies, redundant assessments, scam, errors, as well as plenty of additional economic sinkholes that nothing to improve the nation's health and fitness.Needs are paid forMedical care, specifically hospitalization, advanced technology, and also challenging remedies, is really expensive that the majority of folks cannot have the funds for to afford the idea by themselves. At that point Private Insurance, out-of-pocket, Medicare, Medicaid, other payers (workers compensation, worksite health care, maternal, and child health, and vocational rehabilitation) and other public insurance (Department of Defense, Veteran Affairs, and Children Health Insurance Programs) step in and pick up the expense.According to a report published by the California Healthcare Foundation( 2011), In Hospital Care private insurance paid $306.9 billion (36%), out-of-pocket paid $28.1 billion (3%), and Medicare paid $231.3 billion (27%), Medicaid paid $151.0 billion (18%) Other payer paid $80.0 billion (9%) and other public insurance paid $53.3 billion (6%) for a total of $850.6 Billion in hospital care alone. The report also stated, In Physician, and clinical services Private Insurance paid $249.1 billion (46%), Out-of-Pocket paid $52.3 billion (10%), Medicare paid $124.0 billion (23%) Medicaid paid $44.8 billion (8%), other payers paid $48.8 billion (9%) and Other Public Insurance paid $22.5 billion (4%) for a total of $541.4 billion.ForecastChaos is going on with health care spending and a lot of that has to do with the increase in insurance. Will that change for the better? Healthcare spending was projected to continue to grow quickly. If the trends continue at the rate it is going then health care spending will be a quarter of the economy years to come. Wellness has humanity’s the majority of valuable and the majority widespread price; however additionally it is you’re the majority of sensitive learning resource. Globalization has significantly offered in order to economic increase; however at the same time our universe is now additional at risk of tough economy (Hospital & Healthcare Management, 2001, para 3).

James A. Van Allen Biography

James A. Van Allen Biography You cant see it or feel it, but more than a thousand miles above Earths surface, theres a region of charged particles that protects our atmosphere from destruction by the solar wind and cosmic rays. Its called the Van Allen belt, named for the man who discovered it.   Meet the Belt Man Dr. James A. Van Allen was an astrophysicist best known for his work on the physics of the magnetic field that surrounds our planet. He was particularly interested in its interactions with the solar wind, which is a stream of charged particles flowing from the Sun. (When it slams into our atmosphere, it causes a phenomenon called space weather). His discovery of radiation regions high above Earth followed up on an idea held by other scientists that charged particles could be trapped in the uppermost part of our atmosphere.  Van Allen worked on Explorer 1, the first U.S. artificial satellite to be placed in orbit, and this spacecraft revealed the secrets of Earths magnetosphere. That included the existence of the belts of charged particles that bear his name.   James Van Allen was born in Mount Pleasant, Iowa on September 7, 1914. He attended Iowa Wesleyan College where he received his Bachelor of Science degree. He went on to the University of Iowa and worked on a degree in solid state physics, and took a Ph.D. in nuclear physics in 1939. Wartime Physics Following school, Van Allen accepted employment with the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, where he studied photodisintegration.Thats a process where a high-energy photon (or packet) of light is absorbed by an atomic nucleus. The nucleus then splits to form lighter elements, and releases a neutron, or a proton or an alpha particle. In astronomy, this process occurs inside certain types of supernovae.   In April 1942, Van Allen joined the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) at Johns Hopkins University where he worked to develop a rugged vacuum tube and did research on proximity fuzes (used in explosives and bombs). Later in 1942, he entered the Navy, serving in the South Pacific Fleet as an assistant gunnery officer to field test and complete operational requirements for the proximity fuzes. Post-War Research   After the war, Van Allen returned to civilian life and worked in high altitude research. He worked at the Applied Physics Laboratory, where he organized and directed a team to conduct high-altitude experiments. They used V-2 rockets captured from the Germans.   In 1951, James Van Allen became head of the physics department at the University of Iowa. A few years later, his  career took an important turn when he and several other American scientists developed proposals for the launch of a scientific satellite. It was to be part of the research program conducted during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957-1958. From Earth to the Magnetosphere After the success of the Soviet Unions Sputnik 1 launch in 1957, Van Allen ¹s Explorer spacecraft was approved for launch on a Redstone rocket. It flew on January 31, 1958, and returned enormously important scientific data about the radiation belts circling the Earth. Van Allen became a celebrity due to the success of that mission, and he went on to achieve other important scientific projects in space. In one way or another, Van Allen was involved in the first four Explorer probes, the first Pioneers, several Mariner efforts, and an orbiting geophysical observatory. James A. Van Allen retired from the University of Iowa in 1985 to become Carver Professor of Physics, Emeritus, after having served as the head of the Department of Physics and Astronomy from 1951. He died of heart failure at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics in Iowa City on August 9, 2006. In honor of his work, NASA named two radiation belt storm probes after him. The Van Allen Probes were launched in 2012 and have been studying the Van Allen Belts and near-Earth space. Their data is helping the design of spacecraft that can better withstand trips through this high-energy region of Earths magnetosphere.   Edited and revised by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Selena Nguyen Essays - Textual Scholarship, Printing, Documents

Selena Nguyen Essays - Textual Scholarship, Printing, Documents Selena Nguyen Deacon 8B 9/22/2017 Printing Press Essay Was the printing press the most influential invention in history? I think yes. Johannes Gutenberg was a German blacksmith, goldsmith and printer who invented the printing press and movable type.His business had been struggling, and he was looking for a new way to make money. Gutenberg combined two existing concepts - the power of a wine press and the detail of a coin p unch to create the printing press. His invention of mechanical movable type printing started a revolution in communication all through Europe. There followed the Age of Enlightenment and the sharing of Scientific Knowledge. People tend to takeprinted resourcesfor granted, but imagine life today if the printing press had never been invented. We would not have books, magazines, or newspapers. Flyers, posters, and mailers would not exist. The printing press allows us to share large amounts of information fast and in vast numbers. For centuries before the printing press, books were hand written. Books were expensive to create and only available to the rich. Learning was for those who could afford, or have access to books. Most books were religious in nature. In some cases, a family might be lucky enough to own a book, in that circumstance it would be a copy of the Bible. An important side effect was that people could read and increase their knowledge more easily now; where in the past it was common for people to be quite uneducated. This increased the discussion and development of new ideas. Another substantial effect was that the printing press was responsible for literacy increase and the power of the church began to be disperse. The printing press also helped standardize language, grammar, and spelling. The printing press played a major role in shaping the Renaissance. Citation https://www.psprint.com/resources/printing-press/ http://classroom.synonym.com/reasons-printing-press-great-invention-6116.html

Fast-food outlets and poor health in America Essay

Fast-food outlets and poor health in America - Essay Example There has been an increase in the number of convenience and fast food stores across America. For this reason, many low income earners purchase their food from these stores as opposed to buying from grocery stores and supermarkets. This purchasing behavior has exposed millions of Americans to unhealthy foods. The number of obesity and other health related cases has been on the rise. This has sparked debate on whether these fast food stores should be blamed for this trend, or if the blame should lie squarely in the hands of the consumer. For instance, Brownlee, Cohen and Zinczenko argue that fast food outlets have played a big role in encouraging unhealthy consumption habits. This paper aims to contribute to this debate by arguing that fast food outlets have contributed to this problem significantly by encouraging and enticing consumers to buy from them. Fast-food outlets market their products to consumers, mainly children, foods that have health hazards without proper warnings and labels. In the essay by David Zinczenko, the author highlights how advertisements from fast-food outlets don’t come with warning labels. For example, an outlet may list its chicken salad as containing 150 calories, yet the dressing, almonds and noodles that come with it account for additional 470 calories. This argument clearly shows how these fast food outlets hide information from the consumers that would otherwise help the consumers make better choices.

The cardiovascular system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The cardiovascular system - Assignment Example Consequently, blood goes to both directions in the body for each pump. The four major chambers of the heart are; the left atrium, left ventricle right atrium, and right ventricle. The deoxygenated blood that is from the body is usually pumped into the right ventricle and the right atrium through to the lungs (Evans & Sutton 2012, p. 13). On the other hand, from the lungs, the oxygenated blood is pumped into the left ventricle and the left atrium into the body. Both left and the right parts of the heart functions together to ensure the flow of blood all over the body. From the right part of the heart, blood enters the heart via the main vena cava and the inferior vena cover hence emptying the deoxygenated blood coming from the body into the right atrium. While the right atrium contracts, blood flows from the right atrium to the left ventricle via an opening called the tricuspid valve. However, when the ventricle is filled with blood, the valve shuts hence prevents the backward flow of blood into the atria as the ventricle contracts. Due to the contraction of the ventricle, the heart releases blood via the pulmonic valve then to the pulmonary artery and eventually to the lungs where it gets oxygenated (Evans & Sutton 2012, p. 34). On the left side of the heart, pulmonary vein empties the blood rich in oxygen from the lungs to the left atrium. Due to contraction of the left atrium, blood flows from the left atrium then into the left ventricl e via an opening called mitral valve. The valve then shuts once the ventricle is filled preventing the flow of blood backward. With the contraction of the ventricle, blood flows out of the heart via the aortic valve through aorta then into the body. The rhythmic contraction of the heart occurs spontaneously, even though the rate of contraction may be changed by the hormonal or nervous influences. For instance, the