tarc uc english paper - 1304 Words

Name: AHEL 1083 (2013/2014) THURSDAY, 15 AUGUST 2013 SECTION A: 40 MARKS SECTION B: 30 MARKS SECTION C: 30 MARKS SECTION A: ESSAY WRITING [Total: 40 marks] Choose ONE of the topics below. Write an essay of not less than 350 words on it. 1. The causes of road accidents in Malaysia. 2. Write a story in which you were a victim of a snatch theft. SECTION B: GRAMMAR (30 MARKS) PART I: Word Form (10 marks) Each of the blanks below stands for a correct form of word suggested in the brackets. Write ONE word as your answer. Eg: The scenery here is so ______ that I decided to stay for another day. (beauty) ANSWER: beautiful 1. Jason’s boss advised him to attend an _____ management course. (angry) 2. That _____ dressed woman is†¦show more content†¦10. She could not complete the work because she did not brought her laptop. PART III: CLOZE PASSAGE (10 MARKS) Each of the numbered blanks stands for ONE word that has been omitted. Write an appropriate word for each blank in your answer booklet. Unemployment among Malaysian graduates has been getting much attention. A study conducted by the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers __(1)__ 2010 found certain reasons to be the cause of this problem. Firstly, these graduates __(2)__ poor language skills. They are often hampered __(3)__ their poor communication skills in English and they should work on improving their command of the language. The graduates admitted that they have only themselves to _(4)_ blamed for being unemployed. Potential employers _(5)_ interviewed them did not seem to be impressed with their performance. The study also showed that graduates were unemployed because they _(6)_ self-confidence. Graduates are expected to be dynamic and fearless, _(7)_ they often appear timid and uncertain during the interview process. Unemployment among Malaysian graduates also _(8)_ to their choosy attitude. Graduates want a high salary but they do _(9)_ want long working hours. They also prefer jobs in major cities _(10)_ than in smaller towns. Graduates need to realise that unemployment can be overcome if they are willing to change their attitude and mindset towards employment. (Adapted from: March 2012.

A Brave New World by Aldous Huxley - 1756 Words

Aldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs, conditioning, and deindividuation – which Huxley argues is the key to any successful utopia. Brave New World takes place in the year 632 A.F. (This means After Ford because the society idolizes Henry Ford). The world is ruled by Ten Controllers; the society functions using a caste system. There are 5 castes: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon. Each caste is genetically modified to ensure stability and submission. The highest of the five castes enjoy the luxuries of an industrialized society, while the lower castes are given menial jobs to maintain the capitalist system that dominates the utopia. The stability of the society is further maintained through intense conditioning of minds and through the usage of a drug called Soma. The norms of Brave New World are very different from ours –monogamous relationships are taboo, children are not born but produced in a factory, emotions do not exist due to instant gratification, and death is not feared. The storyline itself unfolds BernardShow MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley668 Words   |  3 PagesIn Brave New World, there are similarities that have a deeper meaning that we can understand. There are personal effects in Aldous Huxley life that contribute to what he has written in the book. Aldous Huxley throughout his life have seen, done, and events have happened to him, just like all of us, but he has expressed it in his book. So when Aldous wrote the he had so many ideas. I have read the book; it’s notRead MoreBrave New World by Aldous Huxley811 Words   |  3 Pages Brave New World is based around characters who gave up the right of freedom for happiness; characters who ignored the truth so that they could live in a utopian civilization. The deceiving happiness was a constant reminder throughout the book. Almost every character in Brave New World did whatever they could to avoid facing the truth about their own situations. In this society, happiness is not compatible with the truth because the World State believes that happiness was at the expense of theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1525 Words   |  7 PagesA Brave New Feminist The novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932 is known for its social satire, utopian values, and unusual standpoints on stereotypical gender roles. In this time where futuristic technology has completely taken over, and men and women are given the same opportunities for everything, â€Å"the genders appear equal within the social order; both men and women work at the same jobs, have equal choice in sexual partners, and participate in the same leisure pursuits† (MarchRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley664 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the fact being in the future and in the past time has changed and many differences were made. In his Dystopian Society Huxley portrays masses of niches where the government produces clones for specific reasons. Huxley decides throughout Brave New World that cloning humans is unethical. He then becomes in contact with the society’s most powerful Alphas and Betas clones. Huxley suggest in BNW that lower class groups in clo ning humans to act like servants to terrorize them into working hard conditionsRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1189 Words   |  5 Pages In the world of sex, drugs, and baby cloning you are going to be in many situations where you feel like the world we live in should be different. In the story Brave New World, they had sex with multiple partners along with a very bad use of drugs. It is weird that Aldous Huxley wrote this book in 1931 about the world he was living in during that time and how it is similar to the world we live in today. Nowadays, drugs are still being used and people are still engaging in sexual encounters withRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley968 Words   |  4 PagesAldous Huxley’s utopia in Brave New World foreshadowed and illuminated the complications within modern day society. Upon its release, the narrative became widely banned all over the United States due to the unorthodox thoughts and actions of multiple characters in it. Early readers, as well as modern day audiences, feared and rejected the ideals that Huxley incorporated into his perfect society; however, our society today is heading towards the dark paths the older generations desired to avoid. Read MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley tells of a society where everyone is the same but, compared to t oday’s society, everything is different. Huxley tells of a world where everything that happens or takes place is because of one’s own desire and nothing more. The hero in the novel, a â€Å"savage† named John, is Huxley’s main focal point. It is through his eyes and mind that the reader sees what’s going on. Now when I read this novel, I began to think, â€Å"Could this perfect, conformed world actuallyRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1684 Words   |  7 Pagesimperfect world and is usually only a hopeful dream. These types of worlds can greatly be described in detail through the world of science fiction. Aldous Huxley was an English writer who lived during a time when war and chaos were engulfing the world. His works reflect his view and thoughts on a dystopia, which is a false utopia, and describes what could occur in possible governments of the world. The ability to understand and dive into the thoughts of the author is what make s world literatureRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley614 Words   |  2 Pagesthem truly happy. What if someone were to tell you that what you thought was true happiness was all an illusion. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley people in the world state are conditioned and drugged up by soma to not experience true happiness. In a world that is perfect, human beings do not have to depend on drugs to keep our world in balance. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley there is always a perfect drug called soma that keeps everyone happy, which they have based their society on. ThisRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley948 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to a world were â€Å"Brave† is not just a word; It has a true meaning. This is a story were everything as you know it, doesn’t seem to be right and will completely change your way of thinking. When this story was written, life was very harsh for many people†¦.Mostly for the author who wrote â€Å"Brave New World† During this time (1930s) they didn’t have much sexual content Living The Future Of The Past In The Present†¦.. In the air; But Aldous made a future full of sex for them and we are the

Appearence Vs Reality Macbeth Essay Example For Students

Appearence Vs Reality Macbeth Essay The play Macbeth was written in 1606 by William Shakespeare. It s about a brave Scottish general named Macbeth who receives a prophecy from three sinister witches. The prophecy stated that he would be crowned king of Scotland; this combined with Macbeth s ambitious personality tempts him to murder the king. Macbeth s wife appears to be kind and gentle but she has underlying sinister intensions. Macbeth eventually kills the king with help from his wife. Shakespeare through the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth demonstrates that appearances can be deceiving. King Duncan trusts Macbeth too much. He trusts Macbeth because of his heroic efforts like killing Macdonwald and winning the battle between the Scots and the Norwegians. An example of Duncan s trust would be when he goes to Macbeth s Castle he says This castle hath a peasant seat; the air/ Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself/ Unto our gentle senses. (Act I, Scene 6, Lines 1-3). This quote shows that Duncan completely trusts Macbeth just prior to his murder. Appearing to be noble and trustworthy, then killing Duncan in his sleep proves that Macbeth s appearance is deceiving. Lady Macbeth is another example of how appearances are misleading. Her physical appearance portrays her as a kind and gentle person. Although when Macbeth briefly decided not kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth is the reason he changed his mind. She practically forced her husband to murder Duncan. I believe that Lady Macbeth is equally responsible for the death of Duncan, since she convinced Macbeth to murder him. Unfortunately, I learned that appearances can be deceiving through a friend I once had. He always appeared to be there for me, but when the time came for him to choose between helping me and helping himself he chose to help himself. We had a Halloween party for our friends from school. When it got out of control my so-called friend decided to continue drinking instead of helping me settle people down. His actions contributed to having one of my friends almost die of alcohol poisoning. I can personally testify that no matter how much you trust someone they can always prove to be something that they did not appear to be. Through Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, William Shakespeare clearly expresses that appearances can be deceiving. Macbeth is portrayed as a noble and loyal man, but murdered the king in his quest for power. Lady Macbeth appeared to be a kind and gentle women, but she was the main factor that influenced Macbeth in his decision to murder. Based on my knowledge from personal experiences and the events that took place in this play, I have come to a conclusion that we should never judge people by their appearances. I believe that only time can reveal who people really are.

Andrew Carnegie Essay Example For Students

Andrew Carnegie Essay Andrew Carnegie on the Gospel of Wealth Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland in 1835. His father, Will, was a weaver and a follower of Chartism, a popular movement of the British working class that called for the masses to vote and to run for Parliament in order to help improve conditions for workers. The exposure to such political beliefs and his familys poverty made a lasting impression on young Andrew and played a significant role in his life after his family immigrated to the United States in 1848. Andrew Carnegie amassed wealth in the steel industry after immigrating from Scotland as a boy. He came from a poor family and had little formal education. The roots of Carnegies internal conflicts were planted in Dunfermline, Scotland, where he was born in 1835, the son of a weaver and political radical who instilled in young Andrew the values of political and economic equality. His familys poverty, however, taught Carnegie a different lesson. When the Carnegies emigrated to America in 1848, Carnegie determined to bring prosperity to his family. He worked many small jobs which included working for the Pennsylvania Railroad where he first recognized the importance of steel. With this recognition, he resigned and started the Keystone Bridge Company in 1865. He built a steel-rail mill, and bought out a small steel company. By 1888, he had a large plant. Later on he sold his Carnegie Steel Company to J. P. Morgans U.S. Steel Company after a serious, bloody union strike. He saw himself as a hero of working people, yet he crushed their unions. The richest man in the world, he railed against privilege. A generous philanthropist, he slashed the wages of the workers who made him rich. By this time, Carnegie was an established, successful millionaire. He was a great philanthropist, donating over $350 million dollars to public causes, opening libraries, money for teachers, and funds to support peace. In the end, he gave away about 90% of his own money to various causes. He also preached to others to do the same as in giving money for education and sciences. The problem, however, was that there was such a contrast between the rich and the poor. By this he was referring to the inequalities in rights, hereditary powers, and such things. He also felt we should have a continuum of forward progress, i.e. civilizing, industrializing. Apparently in his time there was a movement to drift back into a time when there was little advance in modernizing and technologically advancing; when neither master nor servant was as well situated. This proves that the direction the U.S. took until now was, in fact, the right path since the goal was already in progress. He has to argue and prove that through forward motion all of these problems of social difference, that the poor would also advance with the times, thus diminishing the difference slowly but surely. As the rich get richer they bring up the standard and, in effect, the poor with them as the economy grows. The government comes up with a way to run money that is suited to be in the best interest of the most possible people. In the end, you realize that the majority of the wealth made in this new system is going only to a few people. Then it says about the only question that could possibly arise in this type of a situation. Since the wealth inevitably goes to a concentrated amount of people in the best possible set of circumstances, the question is what to do with the money in order to best serve the general public. So what can a man do with the excess wealth he has amassed? His money is not just for competence, but rather surplus money. There are three solutions that Carnegie gives for this. The first includes leaving ones money to his family or his oldest son, a common practice in western Europe. This is a misguided affection, and a bad idea according to Carnegie, because one cannot duplicate the styles and strategies of another no matter how hard he tries. A son can make mistakes and lose his fortune or he can lose it from the fall in the value of land. It has also been proven that it is not good for the state for a son to take his fathers place as a leader. He could mean that the son has been given all of the se treasures from birth and does not appreciate what he is getting. He also may not be sensitive to all that is necessary in the processes of development. Another way one could dispose of surplus wealth is to have all the money earned be spent by the one who earns it. This is not always possible these days and perhaps also back then, because ther is no limit to what one can earn. But spending frivolously just because one can isnt exactly the best trait; one should live in modesty. .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 , .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .postImageUrl , .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 , .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6:hover , .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6:visited , .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6:active { border:0!important; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6:active , .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6 .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6beea421277e9a5724a8f39df11861d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Effects Of The Industrial EssayOne other way Carnegie suggests the money could be distributed would be to donate it to public services. This is the one he personally chose because it serves the most good to most amount of people possible. It is therefore not detrimental to the value of money to others, and is enjoyed by he who earned it a very fair way of disposal. The objective, however, he wished to achieve may not be achieved after hes gone because he cant oversee the operation of the distribution, and theres nothing he could do about it then. Taxing the hoards of wealth obtained by a recently deceased man is a great way of giving back to the community what was tak en over the years. It also condemns the lifestyle of the selfish millionaires unworthy life. This helps make men deal with the distribution of their money while theyre still alive, with the intent that the best possible solution would be achieved and finding the way that would be most fruitful for the people. There is only one solution which pleases both rich and poor and works out best for everyone. This idea differs from communistic ideals of spreading wealth evenly throughout, at all times, and doesnt require an overthrow of the government, rather an evolution of existing conditions. The idea is that each individual work for himself in attaining wealth (as in the concept of laissez-faire); each man fighting for his place, creating competition. In the end, there will still be a concentration of wealth in a few, but they will spread their wealth to the masses through public services, thus benefiting all, instead of money coming to all people in small increments as suggested by comm unistic ideas. This appealed to the people especially in the concept of anti-communism sprinkled in Carnegies document. This also gives concrete evidence proving U.S. superiority in understanding their nations needs. Finally, there are specific duties of the rich in order to maintain the balance. The wealthy must be modest in their ways. They must provide modestly for those dependent on him and he must think and administer his money in the best possible manner to benefit the most possible people. We trust in this wealthy man because he obviously became wealthy through superior wisdom, etc. This I believe may be immodest, but true nonetheless. Bibliography:

The Midnight Skaters Essay Example

The Midnight Skaters Essay Blundens The Midnight Skaters begins by painting what seems at first to be a pleasant picture of an icy pond, a seemingly idyllic setting for a romantic poem, evoking images of happy skaters in a rural winter setting. As we read on, however, we are drawn deeper into the darker tones of the poem throughout each of the three stanzas and see that, far from being romantic, the underlying theme of the poem is a sense of impending danger.In the first stanza the sense of danger is perhaps less apparent that in the following two, yet the signs are there from as early as the second line the icy pond lurks under where the use of the word lurks signifies a darker element to the poem than if Blunden had chosen to use, for example, the word lies in the same context. That the icy pond lurks beneath the surface is suggestive of more sinister forces at hand, which are further highlighted in the closing line of the opening stanza the ponds black bed which, again, seems to signify some dark force lying in wait for the skaters.The time at which Blunden wrote the poem is undoubtedly of significance. Having fought in the First World War, Blunden was living in a time of caution; naivety was lost and one was faced with the harsh reality that danger could even in the simple, joyous event of skating on an icy pond be lurking around the corner. We see evidence of this caution, and indeed suspicion, in the opening lines of the second stanza Then is not death at watch/Within those secret waters? These lines could be seen to symbolise the reality of impending deathin war; the secret waters representing the enemy. The couplet that follows is also indicative of the naivety of the skaters, and indeed the time What wants he but to catch/Earths heedless sons and daughters? the skaters (representative here, conceivably, of young soldiers) seemingly oblivious to the danger that may well await them. These lines could also be said to be the very centre of the poem, as it is here that the s peaker conveys the central theme of that impending danger, that death itself is waiting and watching, ready to take into his clutches one of these unaware skaters, and it is in these lines that the tone of the poem grows darker, which is carried throughout the rest of the second and third stanzas.We see at the end of the second stanza that the skaters are truly on thin ice With but a crystal parapet/Between, and that dark force, be it danger or even death itself, waits with longing beneath for that crystal parapet to give. Then, in the third stanza, the poem gains pace and it appears that the speaker is appealing directly to the skaters, to make them aware of the danger and, with further reference to Blundens own war experiences, almost barks instructions at the skaters like a Sergeant in charge of his troops Twirl, wheel and whip above him,/Dance on this ball-floor thin and wan urging them to make the most of the pleasures to be found on the ice in spite of what might lurk bene ath, and then again, the speaker is advising them Use him as though you love him;/Court him, elude him, reel and pass, suggesting the skaters play up to the danger that has come to expect their downfall; let him think he is winning, get as close to the danger, to him, as possible and then elude him, reel and pass, with the final victory belonging to the skaters, leaving him resentful in defeat And let him hate you through the glass able only to watch as the skaters escape unharmed.The three stanzas of this poem represent different features of the dangerous theme at large, each drawing a parallel between the speakers view on the skaters and Blundens view on the war. The opening stanza is representative of the naivety towards danger, of the skaters and perhaps Blundens fellow soldiers, unable to fathom the potential peril, whilst the second stanza shows the dawn of such a dark realisation and then in the third, the action and consequent victory of the skaters, or indeed the soldie rs as the skaters escaped death so too did the soldiers, by and large, by winning the war. And so as dark as the poem has seemed, we are left with a sense of triumph as death has been faced and eluded.

Essay Topics About the Holocaust

Essay Topics About the HolocaustThere are many Holocaust essay topics that are used for essays. A topic that is used often is the experiences of survivors as they relate to the Holocaust. One type of essay about survivors is a memoir about their life after the Holocaust.You may have experienced the effects of the Holocaust as a child. You probably didn't know that the effects were so strong on you. All of your childhood memories are of horrible events that happened when you were very young. As you grew older, you learned to cope with the terrible memories. The Holocaust has been a part of your life for over sixty years now.The Holocaust was a series of traumatic experiences. There was no way for a child to avoid it, but you may be able to relate to it. You may have heard about how many young children were killed during the Holocaust. You may have seen pictures of children who suffered terrible physical harm.It was common for children to die during the Holocaust because of the labor c amps that were set up to contain them. They were separated from their parents and sent to work in the factories or to the death camps. You may have witnessed what happened to a young baby during the Holocaust.You may not remember the extent of your childhood trauma. The Holocaust can take a toll on a person, but it doesn't have to stay with you forever. If you are interested in writing a memoir about your experiences as a child survivor, you should consider a memoir about the Holocaust.You may be wondering why someone would want to write a memoir about the Holocaust. You may also be curious about how this topic can be used for an essay. It is possible to use the experiences of a survivor to provide information to a student orto a reader. You will also be able to find a lot of information about a survivor in the memoir he or she wrote.One of the first things you should do when you begin to write a memoir about the Holocaust is to choose a good topic. There are many essay topics that can be used for essays, but there isn't just one type of Holocaust essay topic. For your essay to be effective, you need to find a topic that is relevant to your subject matter.With so many Holocaust essay topics available, you should be able to find something that you like. If you cannot find a specific topic, you may want to choose a topic based on your learning abilities. There are many great options available to you.

Gross Domestic Product Essays

Gross Domestic Product Essays Gross Domestic Product Essay Gross Domestic Product Essay In the 1990s, the economy faced a number of challenges such as unsustainable budget and balance of payment deficits, economic sanctions, and resulting low economic growth. In 1990-91, the budget deficit had risen to 8. 7 percent of the GDP. The continued increase in Government expenditures and dwindling workers remittances from abroad had meant an ever-increasing reliance on public sector borrowing. It has been estimated that since 1977, the public debt in real terms has grown at a much faster rate than the GDP. Between 1990 and December 2000, Pakistans external obligations increased from about US$ 22 billion to over US$ 37 billion. Increasing reliance on short to medium term financing to meet external obligations compounded the unsustainability of the external debt. According to the ADB Draft Poverty Alleviation Report (2001), in 1997-98 the short to medium term debt accounted for about 23 percent of the total external liability and more than 48 percent of the debt servicing cost. According to the same report, in 1997-98 the debt servicing accounted for as much as 54 percent of the total export earnings and about 40 percent of total foreign exchange earning. To rectify these imbalances in the economy, Pakistan implemented various World Bank/IMF structural adjustment and stabilization programmes. The three recent IMF programmes relate to 1988-91, 1993-96 and 1997- 2000. In addition Pakistan has sought debt relief to create fiscal space and spend the available resources on reducing poverty. Not only did the development activities in the public sector slow down, but as a result of the political uncertainty, excessive government regulations, lack of continuity in economic policies and the ongoing process of structural adjustment led to a very weak private sector growth as well. : It is reported that during 1992-99, the investment grew at a rate less than one percent per annum and as a result the domestic fixed investment declined from 19 percent of the GDP in 1992-93 to less than 15 percent in 1997-98. The economy slipping into the debt trap resulted in a halt to the past practice of large public sector development expenditures that had traditionally been financed by internal and external borrowing. The lower levels of public sector investment in the infrastructure further curtailed growth activities such as trade and transport. The fiscal deficit was as high as 8.8% of GDP in 1990-91, but was reduced to 5. 3% in 2000-01. Pakistan took a basic step toward industrialization by initiating a six-year economic development plan in the early 1950s (1951-1957). The program allowed for free import of capital goods to facilitate progress. Although this was somehow detrimental to the agriculture sector in that it led to a decrease in the production of edible grains, the program was highly successful. It not only facilitated the process of industrialization, but it also brought about developments in the areas of transport, communications, water and power, and technical training. The government of Pakistan organized a planning committee in 1953 to draw up the countrys first five-year economic development plan on the basis of feedback from the said six-year program. The new plan aimed at increasing GDP by 15 percent; income per capita, by 7 percent; food production, by 9 percent; and industrial production, by 60 percent, as well as creating two million jobs. These objectives were not fully achieved. However, the countrys GDP increased by 11 percent, and its income per capita grew by 6 percent; and there was considerable improvement in the production of consumable goods. The second economic development plan (1961-1965) pursued the same objectives; namely, increase of GDP, increase of income per capita, and creation of new jobs; and it succeeded in achieving them with a certain degree of success. The third economic development plan (1965-1970), being a part of the countrys twenty-year development plan (1965-1985), was more comprehensive than the previous plans, though it encountered various difficulties at the outset: In September 1965, war broke out between Pakistan and India; and this diverted the countrys internal resources from development to defense purposes. Also, US aids to Pakistan were suspended. And, worst of all, natural disasters such as torrential floods in some cities affected the implementation of the plan adversely. The fourth economic development plan (1970-1975) was prepared with the firm intention of reinforcing the foundation of development and minimizing local and regional differences. However, this plan was never implemented because of the 1971 conflict with India, as a result of which East Pakistan (or Bangladesh as it is now called) was partitioned. Thus, the government had to draw up a new plan (1971-1978). Whereas the 1970-75 plan had discouraged private investments owing to the nationalistic policies of 1971, the new plan aimed at developing the public sector, though with little success. On the whole, the countrys economy lagged behind during this period owing to the governments conflicting economic policies and the private sectors lack of interest to initiate investment. The fifth economic development plan (1978-1983) was drawn up with the aim of adjusting the undesirable economic status of the country. Initially the plan failed in achieving the desired goal. Eventually, however, it bore fruit. For instance, the industrial sectors value added increased 54 percent. This was due to the flexible nature of the plan, which allowed for yearly adjustments to be made on the basis of the development needs of each year. The sixth economic development plan (1983-88) was implemented successfully immediately after the fifth. In the course of implementing the plan, Pakistans GDP increased at an average annual rate of 6 percent at real prices. Prices increased only slightly. Share of investment in GDP increased up to 17 percent. Toward the end of the plan, share of external debts in GDP increased 12 percent, and that of import decreased 17 percent. While the average annual growth of GDP was 5 percent during the seventh economic development plan (1988-1993), average annual rise of prices was 9 percent. Share of the countrys gross investment in GDP grew from 8. 5 percent at the beginning of the plan to 20. 7 percent towards its end. Share of export in GDP rose from 12. 5 percent at the beginning to 14. 2 percent toward the end. There was also an increase in the share of import in GDP During the first two years of the eighth plan (1993-1998), which pursued the objectives of privatization and attraction of foreign investment, GDP fell 4 percent as compared with that of the seventh plan. Share of investment in GDP was about 20 percent. Share of the countrys external debts in GDP rose 6 percent. Share of export decreased 13 percent, but share of import remained unchanged.