Thursday, January 23, 2020
Grapes Of Wrath In Times Of De :: essays research papers
“The Grapes of Wrath: In Times of Despair'; Â Â Â Â Â If one was to examine the three characters, Tom, Ma, and Pa Joad from John Steinback’s The Grapes of Wrath. How would we figure out what astrological signs they were born under, as taken from their actions and attitudes in the novel? What certain qualities do they possess, that make them fit there Zodiac sign? Â Â Â Â Â Tom Joad, a hard stubborn man, who has served time in prison for murder. He has come back home to find his family falling apart. At the head there is Pa Joad, who has been trying to keep the family stable. He is failing fast. There seems to be no answer to the drought which has killed the land they farm. So they take to the road. Hoping there will be a new life and work in the west. The whole faimly packs their belongings, and leaves the place they have called home, behind them. Along the way to the west, they have many misfortunes. They still had more to come. Just one of the many families, caught in times of despair. They are held together by, Tom the Lion, Ma the bull, andPa who holds the scales of balance. Â Â Â Â Â I chose Leo, the lion for Tom. The lion is an icon of strength. I think his character represents the strength and knowledge. Shown through his psyichal fights and hard crop work in the novel. Also because he had the strength to push on for his family. To keep goin through the hardest times, and overcome his obstacles. He also represents knowledge from his experiences with fixing the truck, and keeping things under control at the government camps. Another example of personal and mental strength, as well as knowledge is the courage it took to leave his family behind at the boxcar farm. He knew he had to leave his family behind for the better of the whole group. Â Â Â Â Â Ma Joad represents Taurus, the bull. The bull symbolizes stability. As shown through Ma’s actions and involvment in the novel. There comes a time when, Pa Joad falls into the hopelessness of the whole situtation. At that time Ma steps into the breach and takes over. She must assume the posistion of head, and keep her family going. Keep it together. She takes on the responsibility of running the family, feeding the family, working in the fields for money, and keeping it stable.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Human Resources Group and Individual Incentive Plans Essay
There have been many discussions in business regarding the relative merits or offering group or individual incentive plans. Research shows each option has its merits and drawbacks. Group incentive plans Advantages                                                              Disadvantages Group bonuses encourage collective effort. 1) Disadvantage the hardest worker Boosts worker morale 2) Can lead to individual resentment Raises lowest worker production levels 3) Reduces production to average levels Encourages teamwork 4) Discourages individual flair Easier to calculate rewards 5) Financial disadvantage for dedication Individual incentive plans Advantages                                                              Disadvantages Directly impacts on worker pay. 1) Tends to discourage teamwork Individual talent recognized 2) Can cause friction in the workplace Rewards commensurate with effort 3) Creates inequality Improves chances of career advancement 4) difficult to control production Envisaging a position where I will become the owner of a Dance Club, my personal choice of incentive plan would be for the individual method. The reason for this is that in my view the personal and business sides of the human character respond best to a competitive situation. We set ourselves targets to better ourselves, and thus the expectation is that we will be rewarded for this. We strive to be better than others to be the best in our chosen role, and we expect for this to be recognized. Whilst being a team player is important, being recognized for achievement is extremely important. A good example of this can be seen in sport, where soccer players play as a team, but like to be recognized and appreciated for their individual talents.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Individual Communications Mechanism and Human Rights - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2844 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: Human Rights Essay Did you like this example? International Human Rights Question 1 To assess whether individual communications can lead to the greater realisation of human rights, it is imperative to consider; the benefits which the individual communications mechanism (ICM) provides individuals with, a discussion of the shortfalls of the ICM and how other methods of monitoring and protecting human rights may overcome these issues. It shall be argued that the ICM, despite providing for greater access to human rights for individuals, cannot be a better hope for realising human rights than other methods of monitoring and protection. It is through individual complaints that human rights are given concrete meaning[1]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Individual Communications Mechanism and Human Rights" essay for you Create order This statement reflects the purpose of the ICM which allows individuals to vindicate their rights at the international level[2] by making a claim to the body associated with the relevant treaty and allege a violation of their rights provided under that treaty[3]. Not all human rights treaties contain an ICM, but to the extent that it exists, it is monitored by a Committee empowered to make decisions upon complaints[4]. The ICM can be found in 4 main treaties; the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[5], the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women[6], the Convention on the on the Elimination of All Form of Racial Discrimination[7] and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel or Degrading Treatment or Punishment[8]. The benefits of the ICM can clearly be seen. Firstly it provides an individual with a platform which is independent of influence and bias from their State of origin[9]. The ICM has a wide ambit and offers protectio n and standing to individuals not offered to them by their domestic courts[10]. By allowing more applicants to obtain access to international law, it empowers a greater amount of individuals to assert their rights over their State and therefore changing the nature of enforcement of International rights to make it more personalised than it previously was[11]. Additionally, by empowering individuals to bring forward their own claims, theres no need for reliance upon third party approval to make claims on their behalf such as NGOs. By allowing individuals to bring their own claims, the ICM provides greater access to human rights remedies and strengthens the human rights system as individuals wont need to depend upon third parties to protect their rights. Furthermore a State will be less likely to infringe upon rights if theyll be held accountable by numerous individuals. This empowered of individuals by the ICM appears to be a step in the right. The main issues with the ICM can be s een in the requirements to bring a complaint. The State which the individual is domiciled in must be a party to the respective treaty and the individual must satisfy the locus standi and justiciability requirements (discussed below), Even if an individual satisfies these requirements, the case may be struck out by the committee as inadmissible with no appeals procedure[12]. If however an individual is successful in obtaining a decision in his favour, it doesnt necessarily mean itll be enforced as the Committee have considerably less power than that of the domestic courts[13]. Furthermore, remedies available to the Committee are limited. The Committee may make a public pronouncement of a breach denouncing the offending State[14], request the State amend the breach or award financial compensation[15]. It should be noted however that financial compensation is rarely used and isnt enforceable by domestic or international courts[16]. It has been suggested that ceding the Committees po wer to the municipal legal systems may allow for greater protection of human rights as the domestic courts would not only be more willing to uphold the rights being breached[17], but in a stronger position to do so, and therefore eliminate limitations of upholding rights at the international level. However its questionable if this is the most appropriate approach as the very nature of human rights is concerned with State infringement of rights, providing the domestic courts who are an arm of the State with such power is inappropriate. The ICM therefore has serious issues with enforcement (although the same could be said for international law in general) but it should also be noted most ICM cases are bought by NGOs[18], this further creates problems where a treaty doesnt allow third parties to bring cases on behalf of individuals, the individual may plead their case poorly or due to ignorance of procedural requirements, have their case declared inadmissible altogether. In this sense it can be argued that the ICM, by shifting too much power to the individual may deprive them of achieving sufficient protection of their rights. A look at the treaties which provide an ICM shows they have relatively similar requirements in regards to justiciability. The claimant must exhaust all domestic remedies[19] unless this requirement severely prejudices a claimant. An individual is also limited under the treaties from bringing a claim to multiple bodies to ensure effectiveness, consistency and clarity within the ICM process, it could be argued however that this restriction results in only a selection of rights being enforced rather than all of the individuals rights as a whole. Moreover, the treaties demand the individual is under the jurisdiction of a State party to the treaty which covers the breach, the State has to be a signatory and opted to be bound it[20]. This reflects the nature of the ICM which is state-centric[21], it is created by international actors to be used against States violating rights they awarded individuals. The State is central to the ICM and regrettably, this means that a State is very much in control of who may complain of a breach and of what[22]. The ICM is therefore limited by State influence which prevents the greater realisation of rights. Furthermore, the lack of domestic enforceability of the Committees decision puts the ICM under serious doubts[23]. The committees lack of effective remedies are limited, as mentioned above, to pronouncing the states liability in violating human rights[24]. It has been stated that the enforcement procedures used by the treaty bodies have had very limited demonstrable impact[25], as only 30% of replies from States display willingness to implement their views or offer remedy to victims[26]. The idea of the ICM was to allow individuals to complain against offending States but the restrictions placed upon the ICM result in a limited amount of rights being protected, the ICM does noth ing to address the underlying causes of the of the violations, merely providing remedies which are rarely enforced does nothing to bring about true protection by altering a States practise[27]. It has become evident from the discussion above, the main issues the ICM faces is of enforcement and remedies. Although the ICM has some benefits particularly owing to the ability to assert rights at an international level, the restrictions and influence placed upon the procedure by States prove to be too much of a hindrance. The alternative methods of monitoring and protecting human rights which shall be discussed below are not as limited as the ICM and can overcome some of the shortfalls of the procedure. State Reports State reports are arguably the most prevalent method used for the realisation of human rights[28]. The lack of enforcement faced by the ICM can be overcome through the use of State reports which States are obliged to submit at the Committees request[29] and allows th e Commission to monitor the implementation of International instruments[30]. Reports can be analysed and questions can be sent to the State with the intention of creating an open dialogue to resolve issues. State reports are regarded as very successful due to the publicity and attention they draw upon the offending State, which may result in international condemnation, although it is obvious some States are clearly more easily embarrassed (for example a State advocating rights compared to a State with a record of violations). State reports encourage implementation of rights and indirectly overcome enforcement issues faced by the ICM as even the drafting process allows States to reflect upon conformity with their obligations[31]. However this isnt to say that reports are without issue. Reports may arrive unusually late and vary in quality, theres also a lack of sanctions. Regardless, State reports are an effective method of monitoring and is often used as the only method to review co mpliance, this alone shows the confidence placed in this method by the Council. State to State accusations: Interstate complaints can overcome some shortfalls of the ICM. Several treaties provide for a State to make complaints to treaty bodies regarding violations by another State[32]. States are not limited by the same locus standi requirements of individuals[33] and are not bound by the same limitations as the ICM. This allows States to uphold rights within the treaties and bring claims against a violators. However it should be acknowledged that some States are reluctant, particularly for political reasons, to make accusations against other States[34]. This is not a problem for someone wishing to use the ICM. Furthermore States have no obligation to make accusations against offending States. The indirect implications is that this method of monitoring human rights should not be relied upon by individuals hoping for States to uphold their rights and the political issues of its use make it an unpopular option for States which is reflected in the rarity of its use[35]. The effectiveness of this method of enforcement stems from its use as a political force, whilst the ICM can be heavily influenced by the origin State, this method remains free from external influences and can rather serve as a deterrent. NGOs Nongovernmental Organisations (NGOs) monitor rights and pressure governments into implementing human rights principles[36] and monitoring procedures. Arguably, many of the monitoring procedures only exist today due to the persistent pressure and lobbying by NGOs[37]. In this sense NGOs shouldnt be understated as they can constantly pressure State parties and have been effective in doing so (for example NGOs have been fundamental to the development of standards such as womens rights by campaigning for the African Protocol on the Rights of Women[38]). NGOs are increasing in power and influence and this can be seen through the expansion of NGOs such as Amnesty International. This increasing influence can help to compliment the ICM as NGOs regularly offer direct assistance to individuals, and bring claims on their behalf (provided the relevant treaty allows third party complaints). The most compelling evidence for the increase in power of NGOs is seen from the increasing calls for accountability of NGOs[39]. It can be argued that NGOs provide a better hope for the greater realisation of human rights than the ICM as the increasing power of NGOs results in greater pressure being applied upon States, something which individuals (even when they have obtained decisions in their favour) cannot do, this in turn can lead to strengthening of the ICM. Reform: One of the main arguments for reforming the ICM is due to the procedural issues when considering a case, its estimated there are currently 500 cases awaiting consideration[40] with an average waiting time of 45 months from submission date the committee issuing findings[41]. In response to this issue and in regards to enforceability issues mentioned above, academic M Schmidt believes a permanent court or standing body with the power to adjudicate complaints should be created[42]. However the issue with this view is the nature of international rights, States are unlikely to approve and this may be a deterrent to ratify human rights instruments. Perhaps further education or advice should be granted to individuals as argued by Kjrum, as the main reason for high inadmissibility rates is due lack of understanding of the procedural requirements[43] by individuals. This essay sought to discuss whether the ICM could provide better compliance with human rights than other methods, the discussion above shows that although therere benefits to the ICM, the shortfalls are too great. Other methods of monitoring can overcome these shortfalls of the ICM and the natural response would be to attempt to integrate these methods, but perhaps allowing each method to grow indi vidually would the best way to ensure greater compliance with human rights law. [1] Ohchr, Human Rights Treaty Bodies Individual Communications (ohchr.org 2015) https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/TBPetitions/Pages/IndividualCommunications.aspx accessed 21 April 15 [2] Ibid. [3] A Bayefsky, How to Complain to the Un Human Rights Treaty System (1st, Kluwer Law International, Great Britain 2003) 33 [4] Alexandra R. Harrington, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Delayed Devotion: The Rise of Individual Complaint Mechanisms Within International Human Rights Treatiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, LEGAL STUDIES RESEARCH PAPER SERIES No. 17 of 2011-2012 available https://ssrn.com/abstract=1898673accessed 10 April 2015, 6. [5] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 999 UNTS 171 (ICCPR) [6] International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (adopted 21 December 1965, entered into force 4 January 1969) (ICERD) [7] The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimina tion against Women (adoped 18 December 1979, entered into force 3 September 1981) (CEDAW) [8] Ibid, (n 3), p 4. [9] B Galligan, Rethinking Human Rights (1st, The Federation Press , Sydney 1997) 81 [10] Mireille G.E. Bijnsdorp, The Strength of the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Convention, 18 NETH. Q. HUM. RTS. 329 (2000), 337. [11] International Law Association, Committee on International Human Rights Law and Practice, Final Report on the Impact of Findings of the United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies (2004) where it was stated that the output of the treaty bodies had influenced the way many national courts interpret treaty provisions. [12] OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS (1976); OPTIONAL PROTOCOL ON THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS (2008); INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (1969); OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (2000); CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT (1987); INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF ALL MIGRANT WORKERS AND MEMBERS OF THEIR FAMILIES (2003); OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (2008). [13] Human Rights Committee General Comment 33: Obligations of State Parties under the Optional Protocol (2008), available: https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/comments.htm accessed 14 April 2015. [14] Wade M. Cole, When All Else Fails: International Adjudication of Human Rights Abuse Claims, 1976 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1999, 84 SOCIAL FORCES 1909 (2005 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2006) at 1911 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1912. [15] Ibid, (n 14) [16] ibid [17] Shotaro Hamamoto, An Undemocratic Guardian of Democracy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" International Human Rights Complaint Procedure, 38 VICTORI A U. WELLINGTON L. REV. 199 (2007), 200. [18] R Smith, Textbook on International Human Rights (5th, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014) 148 [19] A Kumar, Human Rights (1st, Sarup Sons, Delhi 2002) 99 [20] per Art 1of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: United Nations, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 23 May 1969,United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1155, p. 331,available: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3a10.htmlaccessed 4 April 2015. [21] A Harrington, DONà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢T MIND THE GAP: THE RISE OF INDIVIDUAL COMPLAINT MECHANISMS WITHIN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES [2012] DJCIL 153, 154 [22] Alexandra R. Harrington, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Delayed Devotion: The Rise of Individual Complaint Mechanisms Within International Human Rights Treatiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, LEGAL STUDIES RESEARCH PAPER SERIES No. 17 of 2011-2012 available https://ssrn.com/abstract=1898673accessed 15 April 2015, 28-29 [23] Mose and T. Opsahl, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Opti onal Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, (1981) 21 Santa Clara Law Review 271, 329à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"331; D. McGoldrick, The Human Rights Committee: Its Role in the Development of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, (2nd ed., Clarendon Press 1994), 202. [24] Ibid (n 21), 32. [25] Heyns F. Viljoen, The Impact of the United Nations Human Rights Treaties on the Domestic Level (Kluwer Law International 2002), 6. [26] UN GA, 57th Session. Report of the Human Rights Committee, 11 July 2002, UN Doc. /57/19, vol. I, Supp (No. 40),para. 225. In 2009 the HRC estimated thatthe figure still amounts to roughly 30 per cent; UN GA, 64th session. Report of the Human Rights Committee, UN Doc. A/64/40 (Vol. I) Supp. No. 40, paras. 230-236. [27] J Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (1st, Cornell University Press, USA 2003) 176 [28] R Smith, Textbook on International Human Rights (5th, Oxford U niversity Press, Oxford 2014) 154 [29] OHCHR, Human Rights Committee (ohchr.org ) https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CCPR/Pages/CCPRIndex.aspx accessed 15 April 1520 [30] R Murray, The African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights and International Law (1st, Hart, USA 2000) 16 [31] Ibid (n 27). [32] UNHR, Human Rights Bodies Complaints Procedures (ohchr.org ) https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/TBPetitions/Pages/HRTBPetitions.aspx#interstate accessed 15 April 2015 [33] Ibid (n 27) p 146. [34] Laboni Amena Hoq, The Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Convention and Its Optional Protocol: Empowering Women to Claim Their Internationally Protected Rights, 32 COLUM. HUM. RTS. L. REV. 677 (2000 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2001) at 685 [35] Ibid (n 27) p 155. [36] Humanrights, Human Rights Organizations (humanrights.com e.g. 2005) https://www.humanrights.com/voices-for-human-rights/human-rights-organizations/non-governmental.html accessed 15 April 2015 [37] G Alfredson, Internati onal Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms (2nd, Koninklijke, Netherlands 2009) 680 [38] Recoomended textbook page 105 [39] S Joseph, Research Handbook on International Human Rights Law (1st, Edward Elgar Publishing, USA 2010) 133 [40] T Innes, A Critical Assessment of the UN Human Rights Treaty Body Systemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Effectiveness (sjol.co.uk ) https://www.sjol.co.uk/issue-4/a-critical-assessment-of-the-un-human-rights-treaty-body-systems-effectiveness accessed 25/04/2015 [41] ibid [42] M G. Schmidt, Individual human rights complaints procedures based on United Nations treaties and the need for reform [1992] ICLQ 658, [43] KjÃÆ' ¦rum, Thematic Focus: The Treaty Body Complaint System, Human Rights Monitor Quarterly https://www.ishr.ch/document-stuff/browse-documents/doc_download/1069-the-treaty-body-complaint-system-hrmq3 accessed 15 April 2015
Monday, December 30, 2019
Should We Legalize Prostitution Essay - 2516 Words
Should we legalize prostitution in the US? The laws regarding prostitution, often called â€Å"the oldest profession in the world†, have been facing changes for many years. They are multiple attitudes regarding prostitution and opinions on the connotation this word should have but the idea people have of sex worker is usually negative. On a legal matter sex work has been discussed many time and laws regarding this act varies around the world. Some countries found this act immoral and think that it should not be accepted on some ethical and legal concepts while other countries accepts it not only on a legal manner but also as a way of making a living for those who decided for themselves that this is what they want to do. A lot of questions regarding the decision we should make about the legal aspect of this work are in relation to the impact it can have on the society and on the workers itself. Four different views approach this subject; the criminalization of the act, the abolition of the act, the decriminalization of the act or the legalization of it. (p.44 why is prostitution criminalized?) Criminalization is the one presently established in the US. It means that all parties involved in the act are open to criminal punishment. The abolitionist approach is not to punish the sex worker but punishing only third parties. Decriminalization means that the act is not longer subject to legal consequences and their work is consider an independent business. For the legalization theShow MoreRelatedWhy We Should Legalize Prostitution1843 Words  | 8 Pagestoday we are currently bombarded with so many issues that cloud our mind we tend to forget about our own self-being. We still see, and hear about the even larger amounts of opinions people have about issues that have may have moral backing . We as students are always thinking of new ways to address these current issues on a daily basis. Being the generation of new aged technology, and social interaction these taboo things that may be â€Å"weirdâ₠¬ may become our actual reality in the future if we cannotRead MoreMoral Or Immoral ! Should We Legalize Prostitution? Essay952 Words  | 4 PagesMoral or Immoral! Should we legalize prostitution? The analysis of the article; Learning from Nevada from the book The State of Sex. Tourism, Sex and Sin in the New American Heartland. Leads me to write about the social values, and moral values that contradict the acceptance of legalizing Prostitution within the United States. My opinion will be opposing the notion of any support in legalizing such immoral acts that threaten the moral fabric of the United States of America. So the issue is whetherRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Prostitution927 Words  | 4 Pages Legalizing prostitution! A way for the American government to create job opportunities for the American women that chooses this profession. Prostitution is legal in many countries, so why not all of the United States? Prostitution should not be a crime! Sex is not a crime. Exchanging of money is not a crime. So, why should the two combined be a crime? Women can have sex with as many people as she wants in her private life, it’s her body and her choice. So what if she charges for it. She is providingRead MoreProstitution Should Be Legalized?1072 Words  | 5 PagesProstitution in America Some consider prostitution to be evil, sin incarnated. They believe that the act of fornication with an unknown and unloved person is unholy and should be punishable. They may believe that those who are prostitutes are not human, but instead creatures that have given into their most primal lust. To give into the carnal temptation of sex, and to resolve it through means that are not considered normal, sentences one to eternal damnation. Or so some believe, and I respect theirRead MoreThree Reasons Why Prostituiton Should Not Be Leagalized in China1758 Words  | 7 Pages　　 As one of the oldest jobs, prostitution has a long history to be repeatedly decriminalized and internalized by different countries. In Sumerian Records, the earliest record established in 2400 BC, prostitution had been legalized and supported by government. Same as most countries in this era, government founded brothels established in ancient China, ancient Greece, ancient Roman and so on. Codex Th eodosianus established in 438 AD, legalized prostitution and at the same time, asking for taxesRead MoreProstitution Is A Single Right Definition For Prostitution1167 Words  | 5 PagesProstitution is something that has and always will be existent. It’s legal in many parts of the world and it has always been debated whether or not it should be legalized here in the US. There are many aspects to look when determining whether it is the right or wrong thing to legalize prostitution. But first we have define what exactly is prostitution. There’s not a single right definition for prostitution. We could look at the dictionary definition that’s the transfer of money for sexual activityRead MoreIt is Time to Make Prostitution Legal1215 Words  | 5 Pages　　In modern society, prostitution become a pretty controversial topic to discuss. Prostitution is the sexual services which involves selling and buying, it is just a simple act for both of two perso ns without any compulsion. Most people think prostitution should not be legal, certainly some people have different opinions. As we know, prostitution has been called the world’s oldest profession for a long time, it should be allowed to exist, if a person choose to use his or her body to make money, whatRead MoreProstitution Essay1618 Words  | 7 PagesProstitution is Sex Work Prostitution may be the worlds oldest profession, and laws prohibiting prostitution may well be the oldest example of government regulation and government sex discrimination. In a free society, however, all such laws are inappropriate because they violate the basic rights and liberties of the individuals involved. In a free society, it makes no sense for the government to be telling people that they cannot charge a fee for harmless services they otherwise are at libertyRead MoreThe World s Oldest Profession For Nothing1613 Words  | 7 Pagesâ€Å"Prostitution isn t inherently immoral, any more than running a company like Enron is inherently immoral. It s how you do it that counts. And the reality is that it will happen anyway. It s not called the world s oldest profession for nothing. Why not make it, at the least, safe and productive?†-JEANNETTE ANGELL of A Wellness Perspective on Prostitution, Freedom, Religion, and More, Seek Wellness, Apr. 30, 2005. Prostitution, k nown as the world s oldest profession, and it exists everywhereRead MoreWe Are Not For Sale976 Words  | 4 PagesWe Are Not For Sale Imagine this scenario: you are walking on the street with your daughter and you see a group of girls. A few minutes later, a man arrives and offers money for one of the girls. She, then, accepts the money and gets into the car with him. How would you explain that scene to your daughter? In the U.S., some states such as Nevada have already legalized prostitution. Should Florida be the next? According to the Oxford dictionary, prostitution is the act of granting sexual favors in
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Symptoms And Diagnosis Of Alzheimer s Disease - 3618 Words
Dementia is an ever-growing problem for society; with the world population living for longer it is estimated that by 2050 over 115 million people worldwide will suffer from some form of dementia (World Alzheimer’s Report, 2009). Dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease is the condition that stems from Alzheimer’s disease in particular, rather than other conditions such as vascular dementia or fronto-temporal dementia for example. Earl symptoms may include problems generating people’s names or the correct names of objects, observable difficulty cognitively functioning in social situations, short term memory retention difficulty, continuously misplacing important objects, poor executive functioning, and a shift in mood such as depressive and irritable swings (Holsinger, Deveau, Bustani, Williams, 2007; Llewellyn, 2010). The causes of Alzheimer’s disease are considered to be of genetic, environmental and lifestyle choices (Munoz Feldman, 2000). T here is as yet no known specific cause of Alzheimer’s disease, and the focus of this essay necessarily concentrates on differentiation and prediction of cerebral changes in Alzheimer’s Disease. This essay will examine past research that has observed the ways in which the utilisation of MRI has enabled the future pathways of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia to be understood and expanded, in relation to individual treatment plans and future research. Understanding the implications of suffering with dementia associated withShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Alzheimer s Disease2581 Words  | 11 PagesWord Count: 1840 â€Æ' It is estimated that currently 5.1 million Americans may have Alzheimer’s disease. [1] 60-70% of dementia cases in the elderly are caused by Alzheimer’s. [2] As the population ages a greater percentage of Americans will be impacted whereas between present time and 2050 it is estimated that 20 percent of the population will be in an age category that puts them at risk. [1] The disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the neurons resulting in memory loss, languageRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : Symptoms And Diagnosis3197 Words  | 13 Pages Alzheimer’s Disease Zaven A. Ohanian San Joaquin Valley College Abstract This research report will provide a general overview of Alzheimer’s disease. This overview will include background and history of the disease dating back to its discovery by Alois Alzheimer in Germany. It will provide in-depth information on the anatomy and pathophysiology of the disease, specifically on the roles of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and on how they progress; what happens as they progressRead MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Alzheimer s Disease2121 Words  | 9 PagesIn medicine, an early diagnosis can mean the difference between life and death. With today’s advancements in technology, early diagnosis is becoming a real possibility for many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Worldwide it is estimated that 24 million people have dementia, the majority of these people are thought to have Alzheimer’s disease. (Mayo Clinic, 2014) According to Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA) (2015) Alzheimer’s dise ase is among the top ten leading causes of deathRead MoreSymptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment And Social / Economic Importance Of Alzheimer s Disease1380 Words  | 6 Pagesof the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and social/economic importance of Alzheimer’s disease A disease is a medical condition that affects a living organism either physically, mentally or emotionally. It is basically a condition involving a pathological process along with a set of various symptoms; some easily noticeable whereas others quite difficult to detect, making their treatment process slower. (Healio.com, 2012) Nevertheless, the social and economic impacts followed by the diagnosis of theRead MoreAlzheimer s Is The Greatest Known Risk Factor For The Individuals Ages919 Words  | 4 PagesAlzheimer s is a degenerative disease of the brain that causes dementia, which is a gradual loss of memory, judgment, and ability to function. It is the most common form of dementia, and may hinder an individual s performance of daily function. Sixty to eighty percent of dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer s. This disease is considered to be the greatest known risk factor for the individuals ages sixty and older. Most of the population affected by the disease with noticeable symptoms areRead More Alzheimers Disease Essay1733 Words  | 7 Pages Alzheimers Disease Alzheimer ¡Ã‚ ¦s disease is a slow, progressive, and degenerative disease of the brain. This disease is marked by a gradual loss of memory and other cognitive functions. quot;Alzheimers Disease is also known as the most common cause of dementia--a general term referring to the loss of memory and the ability to think, reason, function, and behave properlyquot; (Medina,1999). It primarily affects adults in their 60s or older and eventually destroys a persons ability to performRead MoreEarly Onset Alzheimer s Disease824 Words  | 4 PagesDistinguish Early Onset Alzheimer s From Normal Alzheimer s Disease By Dick Harkes | Submitted On August 26, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest What Is Early Onset Alzheimers If someone is diagnosedRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease1006 Words  | 5 PagesAlzheimer s disease is a severe illness that affects the brain and leads to gradual memory loss, reduced intellectual ability and deterioration function of thinking. Alzheimer s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a progressive neurological disorder that increasingly robs individuals of cognitive, behavioral, and functional skills (Demakis, 2007). The reason for the appearance this disease is a collection of disorders in the brain due to which its cells are dying partially. In theRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Neurological Thief822 Words  | 4 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease: The Neurological Thief Ashley E. Campbell Psychology 210 October 31, 2015 Malvereen Harris Alzheimer’s Disease: The Neurological Thief It is a wicked disease that slowly steals our loved ones memories, independence and eventually their lives. While no one knows the exact cause of Alzheimer’s Disease, it is the leading cause of dementia related deaths to date. It was first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, a German psychologist and neurologist. Alzheimer’s Disease is a neurologicalRead MoreThe Common Types Of Dementia1013 Words  | 5 PagesIt’s a progressive disease which means it gets worse over time. If diagnosed early on, the quality of life for people with dementia as well as their family members can be significantly improved. There are many different types of dementias although some are far more reciprocal than others. One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Other few types of dementias are â€Å"Vascular dementia, Mixed dementia, Parkinson s disease and Frontotemporal dementia (Krishnan, D. S)†. All of the various
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Identified Free Essays
The Struggle life of a Mexican-American In today’s society, racial profiling is not unheard of, actually it is quite common. It is still at debate whether the act of racial profiling in moral or not. In the essay â€Å"Exile. We will write a custom essay sample on Identified or any similar topic only for you Order Now El Paso, Texas†, Saenz describes his personal experience of discrimination due to his ethnic background. Saenz is a Mexican-American and because he lives in El Paso, which is a border town, he is often mistaken for an illegal immigrant by other Americans. Throughout the essay, Saenz’s feeling about his identity as an American had changed. He feels like he is always being judged by Americans sorely on his appearances. Towards the beginning of his essay, Saenz feels like he belonged to America and he had a positive view about everything around him, special is the nature throughout his desk view. Saenz says, â€Å"I looked out my window and stared at the Juarez Mountains. Mexican purples – burning. †(p. 20). We can see that Saenz is enjoying his desk view. He goes further in describing how he feels, â€Å"All this color, all this color, all this color beneath the shadow of the Juarez Mountains. Sunset Heights: a perfect place with a perfect name, and a perfect view of the river. †(p. 20). These colors, especially the purple, represent the beauty of El Paso for him. At this point, it is easy for Saenz to find the beauty of El Paso. But later, Saenz’s feeling had changed because Saenz is stopped on the streets of his neighborhood and questioned by the border patrol officers. When she first saw him, she suspected that Saenz was not American. She asked him where he came from and later she repeated the question in Spanish because the thought Saenz could not understand English. Even thought Saenz said he was a U. S citizen, she still kept her suspicious about his identify and kept asking him some questions to make sure. Despite the rude questioning of the female border patrol officer, Saenz tried to stay friendly and appeasing. Afterwards, Saenz regreted the way he handled the situation saying, â€Å"I was embarrassed, ashamed because I’d been so damned compliant like a piece of tin foil in the uniformed woman’s hand. †(p. 22). At the same time Saenz becomes annoyed and says to himself, â€Å"pretty soon I’ll have to carry a passport in my own neighborhood. â€Å"( p. 22). Because he thinks when people stops him and starts to ask him the same questions, he would show them the passport to confirm that he is American then they cannot be mean to him. Besides, Saenz was affected by the questions of the border patrol officer and the attitudes, so he tried to do anything to get these questions out of his mind. As the result, he went for a run, he kept running until he could no longer hear â€Å" Are you sure you were born in Las Cruces? †. The next encounter, the border patrol officers still had doubt about him and they asked him some question such as: â€Å"Do you live in this neighborhood? , â€Å"Where down the street? †(p. 23). But in this encounter, he became more confident for his answers and with each pursuing officer Saenz becomes more aggressive. He replied they:†are you planning on making a social visit? â€Å"(p. 23). Couple months later, he was stopped again and be asked by the similar questions:†where are you from? †(p. 24). Saenz was so upset and he asked them to leave him alone. In another day, when he was in Juarez with his friend, Michael, the custom officer asked them to declare their citizenship. After they answered that they was U. S citizens, the officer kept asking Saenz about where he was born in America and did not ask Michael. In this situation, Saenz noticed that his friend did not be asked about the identity because he had blue eyes, white skin which makes him look like an American. Thus, Saenz feels like he was being discriminated against because his appearance. Saenz’s total shift is completed in his final confrontation of the essay. In this run in with the border patrol Saenz’s defiance is most blatant. Saenz is pushed past his threshold and snaps, saying to the officer, â€Å"Read me my rights, throw me in the can, or leave me alone. â€Å"(p. 26) The reader is able to view Saenz’s change in attitude. Saenz feeling of annoyance turns to pure hatred. Saenz states, â€Å"He hated me as much as I hated him. â€Å"(p. 26). We can see the feeling of Saenz had changed from the beginning through the end of the essay. When the first meet up with the female border patrol officer, he did not get upset about what she acted to him and her rude questions. Nevertheless, his feeling had changed day by day because of the behavior of the officers that makes him feel like he is separated from his neighborhood. Saenz’s lifestyle has been an ongoing struggle for him because of all the harassments and discrimination he encountered in El Paso. He realized that people judged him sorely based on his appearance and treats him different than his other American friends just because he doesn’t look like an ideal American. Throughout the essay he becomes less and less aware of his identity and who he really is. How to cite Identified, Essay examples
Friday, December 6, 2019
Unity Bank free essay sample
The four major areas to be considered during the integration were software, infrastructure, organization structure, and people. The team’s task was challenging as it had called for a $60 million saving in two years, nearly half of Delta’s current operational expense. The pressure was intense as merging two emerging entities was a huge task. The management was unequipped with plan and was not aware the first area that they needed to tackle. We believe that the integration could be managed by gradually consolidating Delta systems into LEAD, pushing back the deadline by 2 years, creating cash and transition incentives to increase employee productivity and decrease resistance, offer clients discounted rate to retain them and implement a flexible/parallel problem solving approach. OVERVIEW: Unity Bank will have the largest market share in the US after the acquisition of Delta is finalized. This has presented the management of Unity, the company acquiring Delta, with many obstacles. We will write a custom essay sample on Unity Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The shareholder employee management services industry has been increasingly relying on advanced IT to handle both the massive volume of shareholders and the complexity of the transactions needed to be processed. Unity is currently faced with multiple conundrums in how to integrate the two company’s systems into one mechanism that will allow for economies of scale and high efficiency. The two company’s systems are different on many levels that impact flawless integration. Unity and Delta both operate on different programming language and also have vastly different user-interface utilities. Unity’s system offers more advanced services to its clients but is not set up for the huge volume soon to be created by the acquisition. Delta services are more limited; however their systems were made for high volume levels. Unfortunately, there are numerous difficult problems that must be addressed and solved in order for the acquisition not to become the demise of Unity. Each problem has many layers of complexity that must be solved in addition the management team needs to grasp which area to tackle first within their time and budget constraints.Done successfully Unity can transform into a world leader in shareholder employee management services. We conclude that each are must properly addressed with a stringent set of priorities in place in order to not become one of the many failed cases of mergers and acquisitions. Savings goal hindering integration effectiveness This is the largest problem for the integration team because most of the other problems can be solved if the y were given more time. Due to the due diligence restrictions, the integration team was unable to proceed with the merger for about 8 months, yet the company only gives them three years to cut IT spending by $60 million. Given the complexity of the process and the implication of current decisions on future success, this time issue can lead to rushed decisions and integration failure. Alternatives: A. Push back the deadline by 2 years By giving the integration team more time, the target saving will be more ealistic and the integration team will have time to learn more about Delta software systems, analyze problems more carefully, and recognize which Delta employees are contributing and which are not. Each of these processes is essential to building a successful company. Disadvantages: †¢ May not solve more complicated problems that are unrelated to time. †¢ Decreases short-term profits for shareholders. B. Establish tiered savings program Set more obtainable goals to meet the board’s expectation. Set half-year goals with what can realistic be accomplished and reduce staff as you finish sections of the integration.After each system is upgraded or integrated into another, eliminate all non-essential staff. Disadvantages: †¢ May not solve the time constraint issue †¢ Creates artificial deadlines which might add more pressure C. Eliminate short-term saving goal To maximize shareholder value in the long term and to protect the very existence of Unity Bank, eliminate any constraints on having nothing less than a perfect smooth integration with Delta. Without the fear of immediate termination, Delta employees may be more willing to cooperate. Savings will eventual be met and more likely exceed the projected $60 million.Disadvantages: †¢ This means greater expense for the company. †¢ Decreases profits from shareholders in the short run. 2. Inability to prioritize critical factors for integration Delta is one the biggest acquisitions for Unity and the integration process requires well-planned strategies. The four major areas of integration are software, infrastructure, organizational structure, and personnel. Deciding the order in which to tackle the four areas is challenging since Unity has never merged with such a large company and there is no statistical model from which the team can work. Alternatives: A. Hire an outside consultant to advice the integration process Management can hire a consultant with experience in large scale MA to advice them on the order of integration. Disadvantages: †¢ Consultants may not have access to all the information they need to be helpful. †¢ Higher cost to Unity in both money and time. B. Prioritize based on the difficulty level Unity can first integrate the area that is the easiest to integrate and then go from there. This is likely to ease the integration process as the company takes one small step at a time. Without knowing which system to use as the target platform, the managers cannot decide which departments to eliminate, what the infrastructure should be like and what kinds of staff members to keep. Both Unity and Delta have their own software systems but they all need upgrades before they can satisfy the new company’s needs. In addition, Delta runs on four separate systems rather than one mainframe system, making them very expensive to run. Alternatives: A. Integrate Delta systems into LEAD and use it as the target platform Since LEAD is more powerful, user-friendly, and cost effective make it the mainframe system for the new organization.Disadvantages: †¢ It is costly to consolidate Delta’s four systems and then upgrade LEAD. †¢ It is a time consuming process. B. Upgrade BLAIR to use as the mainframe system BLAIR is more functional efficient than any other system. Unity can upgrade BLAIR to include all the services from Delta’s four systems. BLAIR also creates recognizable entry barrier to competitors as it includes unique functions that other companies have not yet been able to replicate. Disadvantages: †¢ BLAIR requires more knowledgeable and expensive IT staff. †¢ It is time-consuming and requires specialized developers. C. Use an outside software provider to create a new system encompassing all the necessary functions An outside provider may have solutions to certain technological difficulties that the current IT team is experiencing and design a system that is both modern and efficient. Disadvantages: †¢ Outside developers are not familiar with the company’s every need. †¢ It can take a long time and high cost. 4. People are resistant to changes / Diminished employee loyalty and satisfaction Employees at both Delta and Unity prefer to keep their own systems because they don’t want to have to learn each other’s system.In addition, employees at Delta are unhappy about the new company invading their territory. Without the support of employees from both sides, a successful integration will be unlikely. Alternatives: A. Initiate an internal market campaign The new organization can create company seminars and publications to advertise the benefits of the new updated system including higher efficiency, more revenue for the company, and therefore, bigger bonuses for employees. Disadvantages: †¢ It may only lower but not completely dissolve people’s resistance. †¢ The effects may not be permanent.B. Hire new employees Get rid of employees who are strongly against changes and hire new ones who are more eager to work with the new company. This will also eliminate those employees who will seek to slow down the integration process. Disadvantages: †¢ The company can lose valuable and talented IT professionals. †¢ New employees will require extensive training and may not be as good. C. Create a cash and transition incentive program People are against changes because learning a new system or getting to know a new company is time-consuming and challenging.Unity can create a program where there are monetary incentives to boost employee productivity. To minimize resistance, Unity can provide a training seminar at a popular destination so that the employees can have fun while taking training courses. Disadvantages: †¢ Employees may not be able to learn everything unless the program runs on for weeks, which means more money to be spent. 5. Client service disruption There will be a period in which services at the new organization will be slow and disruptive as the company try to pour data from one system to the other and as it reorganize the organizational structure.This poses a major risk for the business as it may upset some clients and cause them to switch company. Alternatives: A. Retain each company’s systems Leave each company’s systems alone and let them operate separately. Disadvantages: †¢ This will be very costly in long term and diminishes the acquisition rationale. †¢ Information will not be able to flow smoothly from system to the other. B. Hire temporary employees during the transition period When the company is ready to work on the software integration, hire interns and temporary employees to help the current employees with data transfer and customer services.Disadvantages: †¢ This requires the company to pay for and train new employees. †¢ This may not solve technology-related service disruption problems. C. Provide customers with incentives to stay To prevent customers from switching, Unity offer discounted service fee during the transition period while hiring more customer service agents to serve those customers. By doing so, it will make the customers feel more important and more loyal to the company. Disadvantages: †¢ This is expensive to implement. The fee may not be low enough to gain customer loyalty. Competitors acquired more innovative software: The forte of an organization, especially in the service sector like IT industry, is its product features. In a cut throat competition, if a market competitor betters these features, the company faces a threat of losing out on not just potential clients but also existing ones. Likelihood – High 2. Economic slowdown: In the event of an economic slowdown, the overall business of the clients is likely to reduce.The prime focus of the merger was not only to acquire the brand name that Delta provided but also retain its customers after the merger thereby multiplying profits. With cost cut backs from these clients, economic slowdown could seriously damage Unity’s plan. Likelihood – Average 3. Natural Disaster: Disasters like earthquakes, floods, tsunamis are completely unpredictable. As a result, each company adheres to a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) that determines the downtime in restoration of services back to its normal flow.
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